CHICAGO, 

ROCK  ISLAND 

AND  PACIFIC 

RAILWAY 

COMPANY 

NEW  MEXICO 


BANCROFT 


wbu^ 

University  of  California  •  Berkeley 


NEW 


MEXICO 


TKe Land 
of  Sunshine 


««*  ~r 


New  Mexico 


THE   LAND   OF 
SUNSHINE 


Setting  forth  some  good  reasons 

why  YOU  might  become  a  citizen 

of  New  Mexico  to  your  very 

great  advantage 


Passenger     Traffic     Department 

Rock     Island     Lines 

Chicago.    1907 


New  IMexico. 

When  a  man  chooses  a  new  place  for  a  home  he  carefully 
considers  certain  prime  factors  which  are  the  conditions  of  ex- 
istence, prosperity  and  happiness  in  that  place.  First  h.e  asks 
about  the  climate,  which,  in  the  long  run,  is  greater  than  any 
man.  Then  he  considers  questions  of  soil,  products,  trans- 
portation, government,  population,  education,  taxation,  facilities 
for  banking,  worship,  recreation,  and  other  of  the  perfected 
agencies  of  American  civilization.  When  he  thus  knows  the 
essentials  of  life  in  a  given  place  he  is  prepared  to  decide  like 
a  wise  and  sane  man  whether  he  wishes  to  live  in  that  place. 
The  man  who  thus  deliberately  chooses  a  new  home  is  a  man 
to  be  welcomed  and  honored  in  life  and  remembered  in  death. 
Such  a  homeseeker  the  Rock  Island  Lines  beg  the  distinction 
of  serving. 

44 What  about  New  Mexico?" 

is  the  question  that  is  being  asked  to-day  by  thousands  of  home- 
seekers  from  all  parts  of  the  country. 

As  New  Mexi-o  as  a  whole  is  a  very  large  proposition,  with 
a  wide  variety  of  soil,  climate,  elevation  and  industrial  condi- 
tions, let  us  confine  the  question  to  narrower  limits:  "What  is 
this  country  west  of  Texas  that  they  call  New  Mexico?"  If 
we  call  it  the  country  west  of  Texas,  we  simplify  matters  to 
begin  with. 

Because  New  Mexico  may  be  colored  green,  or  some  other 
color,  on  the  maps,  and  Texas,  perhaps,  red,  and  Oklahoma  a 
different  color  still,  one  is  led  to  suppose  that  the  countries 
are  as  different  as  the  colors  on  the  map.  But  really  they  are 
very  much  the  same.  The  land  is  not  of  a  different  color,  nor 
are  the  live-stock  across  the  boundary  line  of  a  different  pat- 
tern. The  land  is  higher  as  you  approach  the  mountains,  and 
you  generally,  but  not  always,  go  deeper  for  water,  but  it  is 
good  land,  and  good  water,  as  in  Texas  or  Oklahoma. 

Free  Homesteads  in  New  Mexico 

New  Mexico  settled  long  before  our  northern  west,  or 
our  northern  east,  for  that  matter,  and  the  children  of  the  first 
families,  who  brought  the  Merino  sheep  and  the  Malaga  grape, 
are  there  to-day,  and  are  "well-fixed."  Our  northern  and 
eastern  people  spread  out  slowly,  filling  up  state  after  state, 
passing  the  Ohio,  the  Mississippi,  and  then  the  Missouri.  Now 
they  are  going  into  New  Mexico, — pouring  in,  one  might  say. 


15,000  Families  Settled  There  in  Eight 


'Mdnths. 


Do  you  remember  the  rush  to  Oklahoma,  and  how  long  it  took 
to  fill  up  the  country  that  the  eastern  editors  could  not  find 
words  to  anathematize  ?  Now  there  is  a  movement  to  New  Mex- 
ico, the  last  Territory  with  government  land  free  to  the  home- 
steader. The  immigrants  are  gathering,  like  some  eastern  pil- 
grimage, from  nearly  every  state  in  the  Union,  selling  high- 
priced  land  and  taking  up  equally  as  good  at  next  to  no  cost  at  all. 

"Uncle  Sam  has  land  enough  to  give  us  all  a  farm," 
so  the  old  song  ran, — but  the  old  gentleman  is  almost  through 
cutting  up  the  estate.  In  a  year  or  two  he  will  say : 
"All  gone,  my  children."  A  writer  from  New  Mexico,  in  the 
Outlook  recently,  arguing  that  the  "prairie  schooner"  is  not  a 
thing  of  the  past,  says:  "During  the  eight  months  thus  far 
elapsed  of  this  year  more  than  fifteen  thousand  families  have 
established  their  homes  in  eastern  and  southern  New  Mexico, 
and  fully  half  of  these  have  journeyed  to  their  new  homes  in 
'prairie  schooners.' "  And  he  adds  that  his  own  little  valley, 
not  a  hundred  miles  long,  that  eight  months  ago  was  inhabited 
only  by  widely  scattered  ranchers  and  Mexican  sheep-owners, 
has  since  been  invaded  by  an  army  of  immigrants  a  thousand 
strong,  coming  from  Texas,  Oklahoma,  Indian  Territory,  Ar- 
kansas, Missouri,  Kansas  and  Georgia.  Thousands,  as  we  know, 
are  going  in  over  the  Rock  Island-Frisco  lines. 

Think  of  New  Mexico  as  the  Rock  Island-Frisco  country 
adjoining  West  Texas.  If  we  divide  the  United  States  into 
three  parts,  eastern,  central  and  western,  we  will  find  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  making  one  dividing  line,  and  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains another,  with  eastern  New  Mexico  falling  into  the  middle 
section,  part  of  it  being  in  the  drainage  basin  of  the  great  river 
and  part  in  that  of  the  Rio  Grande.  As  to  latitude,  New  Mex- 
ico lies  between  the  32nd  and  37th  degrees  north,  as  indicated 
by  Savannah,  Georgia,  and  Norfolk,  Virginia,  on  the  eastern 
coast,  and  from  a  point  fifty  miles  below  San  Diego  to  Santa 
Cruz,  on  the  Pacific.  But  while  these  places  are  on  the  coast, 
we  must  bear  in  mind  that  New  Mexico,  the  Rock  Island  coun- 
try west  of  Texas,  is  elevated  from  4,000  to  7,000  feet  above 
the  sea,  with  the  ranges  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  close  to  its 
back;  that  it  has  no  swamps,  and  is  sheltered  from  the  fog- 
bearing  winds  of  the  sea. 

Through  this  country,  from  the  Texas  Pan-Handle,  the 
Rock  Island-Frisco  System  runs  in  a  southwesterly  direction, 
climbing  to  the  ridge  at  Torrance,  about  half  way  to  the  Mex- 
ican border,  and  dropping  to  the  Rio  Grande  at  El  Paso  (the 
pass,  or  gateway)  at  3,700  feet.  And  while  you  may  find  some 
harmless  horned  toads  to  send  back  east  for  souvenirs,  you 
won't  find  a  mosquito  in  the  whole  country. 

Put  this  down  in  your  notebook :  New  Mexico,  with  Ari- 
zona, will  be  the  last  state,  within  our  continental  borders,  to 
enter  the  Union,  and  it  is  the  last  of  the  great  southwest  to 
offer  a  welcoming  hand  to  the  home-seeker.  NEW  MEXICO  HAS 

MORE    FREE  HOMESTEADS    THAN    ANY   OTHER    STATE  OR    TERRITORY. 

"And  what  do  they  raise  in  that  country  west  of  Texas?" 
is  the  next  question  of  the  home-seeker. 

"Just  about  what  they  raise  in  the  Pan-Handle,  only  gener- 
ally a  little  bigger  and  a  little  better,"  replies  the  New  Mexican, 
with  pardonable  pride.  It  would  do  the  enquirer  good  to  attend 
one  of  the  county  fairs  held  every  fall  at  Tucumcari,-  Clayton, 
Santa  Rosa,  Lincoln  or  Alamagordo.  Perhaps  he  will  remember 
the  fine  Territory  exhibit  at  the  St.  Louis  Exposition. 

Everything  earth  yields  seems  to  be  here,  and  of  the  finest. 
Grains  of  all  kinds,  from  the  best  milling  wheat  to  the  big  golden 
ear  of  maize  and  the  larger  heads  of  kaffir  corn  and  milo  maize. 
Vegetables  of  every  sort,  potatoes,  sweet  and  white,  beets, 
squashes,  pumpkins,  melons,  etc.,  all  of  mammoth  proportions  and 
delicate  flavor;  and  fruit,  too,  of  bewildering  variety — peaches, 
plums,  apricots,  nectarines,  tumas,  figs,  Japanese  persimmons, 


New  Mexico  is  Very  Fruitful. 


apples,  pears,  quinces,  grapes  and  berries ;  in  fact,  everything  but 
the  citrus  fruits,  and  all  as  fine  as  the  finest  and  as  sweet  as  the 
sweetest. 

For  example :  In  1901,  at  the  Pan-American  Exposition,  the 
apples  of  New  Mexico  were  conspicuous  and  received  first 
prize,  while  in  1900  the  New  Mexico  apples  were  carried  across 
the  continent  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean  to  the  Paris  Exposition, 
receiving  second  premium  in  competition  with  the  famous  ap- 
ples of  France  and  England.  Similar  were  the  results  of  the 
exhibits  of  New  Mexico  apples  at  the  Chicago  and  St.  Louis 
Expositions.  At  Buffalo,  an  agricultural  and  horticultural  ex- 
hibit from  New  Mexico  received  two  gold  medals,  and  five 
certificates  of  honorable  mention  in  competition  with  the  entire 
continent.  At  St.  Louis,  New  Mexican  peaches  took  first  pre- 
mium in  competition  with  peaches  from  California.  The  follow- 
ing were  among  the  exhibits  at  a  recent  agricultural  fair  in  the 
Territory:  Barley,  7  feet  high;  oat  heads,  30  inches  long; 
apples,  16  inches  in  circumference  and  weighing  28  ounces ; 
pears,  9  ounces,  and  peaches,  12  ounces;  Muscat  grapes,  25 
ounces  per  bunch;  nectarines,  6  ounces,  and  watermelons,  40 


Melons   Between    the   Corn. 

pounds;    cabbages,   42  pounds;     a    bunch    of   9    sweet   potatoes 
weighing  18  pounds,  et  cetera. 

One  might  think,  looking  out  on  the  gray  plains,  and  then 
on  these  displays  of  nature's  w.ealth,  that. there  was  some  trick 
in  it.  But  before  we  go  into  details,  let  us  borrow  some  pas- 
sages from  the  report  of  Gov.  Hagerman^of  the  Territory,  who 
surely  will  be  admitted  as  a  competent  witness.  Under  date  of 
Sept.  15,  1906,  he  says : 

All   Conditions  Good. 

"The  Territory  was  never  in  a  more  prosperous  condition. 
During  the  past  year  there  has  been  more  activity  in  all  lines 
of  industry  than  ever  before  in  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico. 
The  three  greatest  industries,  upon  which  the  w.elfare  and  pros- 
perity of  the  people  depend, — the  stock  industry,  agriculture 

6 


Raising  Live  Stock  a  Big  Industry. 


and  mining, — have  all  shown  great  activity.  The  rainfall  in 
most  parts  of  the  Territory  has  been  over  the  average  and 
well  distributed  throughout  the  year,  resulting  in  unusually 
good  range  conditions  and  in  very  gratifying  results  in  many 
farming  districts,  both  in  the  mountains  and  on  the  plains, 
where  crops  are  being  raised  without  irrigation.  The  good 
grass  and  abundant  water  supply,  both  in  running  streams  and 
surface  reservoirs,  has  resulted  in  a  large  percentage  of  increase 
in  the  herds  of  cattle  and  sheep,  as  well  as  in  small  loss  among 
the  grown  animals.  The  wool  crop,  a  source  of  great  revenue 
to  the  Territory,  has  been  very  large,  and  the  market  price  of 
both  wool  and  sheep  the  highest  they  have  reached  for  many 
years.  *  *  * 

"In  many  sections  of  the  Territory  hitherto  considered  un- 
productive it  is  being  demonstrated  that  crops  are  being  suc- 
cessfully raised  without  irrigation  by  means  of  careful  farming 
and  hard  work.  *  *  In  several  places  in  eastern  New 
M.exico  and  the  adjoining  counties  of  Texas,  experimental 
farms  are  being  conducted  under  the  dry-farming  methods — 
a  system  which  I  believe  will  result  in  great  benefit  to  the 
whole  arid  west." 

Live  Stock. 

By  nature  and  tradition  New  Mexico  is  a  stock-raising  coun- 
try.    Her  warm,  dry  winters;  her  even  climate;  her  grass-cov- 


New   Mexico   Sheep   Ranch. 

ered  ranges,  dotted  with  sweet-water  springs,  make  it  an  ideal 
stock  country.  Last  January  the  Territory  reported  948,000 
cattle,  valued  at  $15,788,000,  being  an  increase  from  852,000  head 
in  1904,  which  were  valued  at  $11,789,000.  This  was  exclusive 
of  21,800  milch  cows,  an  increase  of  1%  in  the  past  two  years. 
Sheep  show  a  still  greater  increase,  the  Territory  having  2,857,- 
000  head  in  1904  and  4,558,000  on  the  first  of  January  last.  For 
sheep  range,  the  hills  and  valleys  of  New  Mexico  are  unex- 
celled anywhere.  It  is  a  good  country  for  hogs,  too.  Altogether, 
New  Mexico  has  gained  nearly  two  million  more  head  of  stock  in 
the  past  two  years.  Of  New  Mexico  as  a  sheep  country,  Gov. 
Hagerman  says: 

7 


Sheep  and  Goats  Very  Profitable. 


Pre-eminent  as  a  Sheep  Country. 

"The  climate  and  natural  resources  of  the  Territory  are  par- 
ticularly adapted  to  the  sheep  business.  On  the  1st  of  January, 
1906,  the  government  reports  showed  that  New  Mexico  had 
nearly  4,000,000  head  of  sheep  within  her  borders.  On  a  con- 
servative estimate  of  value  these  sheep  were  worth  about  $14,- 
000,000.  For  the  past  two  years  the  sheep  business  has  probably 
been  the  most  valuable  of  any  in  the  west.  During  the  past  two 
seasons  the  Territory  has  been  blessed  with  abundant  moisture, 
which  has  produced  an  excellent  stand  of  grama  grass.  This 
grass  is  the  most  nutritious  known,  and  nature  cures  it  where  it 
grows.  The  fact  that  New  Mexico  has  been  pre-eminently  a 
sheep-growing  section  was  demonstrated  by  the  Spaniards  when 
they  settled  here  hundreds  of  years  ago,  as  they  brought  into 
the  country  large  numbers  of  sheep  of  the  Spanish  Merino 
breed. 

"Great  development  has  been  made  in  the  last  ten  years  in 
improving  the  sheep  of  this  Territory.  Many  growers  have 
gone  to  great  expense  in  getting  the  finest  bred  Merino  and 
Rambouillet  bucks  that  could  be  found  in  the  United  States. 
As  a  result  of  this  breeding  the  quality  of  the  wool  has  been 
improved  and  New  Mexico  now  produces,  in  some  sections,  as 
fine  a  grade  of  wool  as  can  be  found  in  any  state  of  the  Union. 
In  number  of  sheep  New  Mexico  ranks  third  in  the  United 
States,  being  surpassed  by  Montana  and  Wyoming  only.  As 
sheep  are  raised  in  every  state  and  territory  in  the  Union,  it 
can  readily  be  seen  how  important  this  industry  is  in  New 
Mexico,  when  only  two  states  contain  more  sheep.  *  *  * 

"The  demand  for  New  Mexican  sheep  by  the  packers  and 
feeders  has  been  far  in  excess  of  the  supply.  It  is  a  well- 
known  fact  that  sheep  from  New  Mexico  will  dress  out  more 
pounds  of  meat  than  any  stock  from  other  sections  of  the 
United  States.  There  is  much  less  waste  when  sheep  are 
killed  than  results  from  those  of  the  northern  territories,  and 
for  this  reason  the  sheep  from  New  Mexico  are  preferred  to 
all  others.  The  demand  for  New  Mexico  sheep  this  year  is 
greater  than  it  ever  has  been  in  the  past.  *  *  *  The  sheep 
growers  of  New  Mexico  are  in  splendid  financial  condition,  as 
they  have  obtained  fancy  prices  for  their  sheep  and  wool  the 
past  few  years. 

Goats. 

"Equally  profitable  and  as  free  from  difficulties  is  the  rais- 
ing of  goats.  Especially  on  the  foothills  and  on  the  mountain 
mesas  goats  do  better  than  sheep.  There  are  many  thousand 
square  miles  of  profitable  goat  pasture  in  the  Territory.  In 
Guadalupe,  Lincoln,  Otero  and  other  mountain  counties 
there  are  many  large  goat  farms,  much  attention  being  given 
to  high-grade  Angoras.  Incidental  to  the  profit  from  the  hair 
of  the  Angoras,  their  skins  and  their  meat,  they  will  clear 
land  from  brush  and  thus  make  it  available  for  agriculture. 
The  goat  is  very  hardy,  will  subsist  upon  a  range  that  would 
starve  another  animal,  and  is  free  from  disease.  There  are 
about  225,000  goats  in  the  Territory,  and  room  for  as  many 
millions. 

Lumber. 

"One  of  the  greatest  business  enterprises  of  New  Mexico  is 
the  lumbering  industry.  Few  people  not  thoroughly  informed 
regarding  the  resources  of  this  Territory  realize  that  New  Mex- 
ico is  one  of  the  big  lumber-producing  commonwealths  of  the 
United  States.  *  *  *  When  developed  to  its  greatest  possi- 
bility this  industry  is  bound  to  rank  among  New  Mexico's  great 


Rich  in  Coal  Deposits. 


Dipping  Sheep. 

material  resources.  *  *  *  About  2,500  men  are  employed  in 
the  lumbering  camps  and  at  the  saw-mills.  From  the  statements 
of  the  owners  and  managers  of  the  various  lumber  companies 
it  is  evident  that  they  are  doing  all  in  their  power  to  co-operate 
with  the  government  to  preserve  the  forests.  As  far  as  is 
practical  the  lumbermen  are  attempting  to  protect  young  trees 
and  to  guard  against  disastrous  forest  fires.  One  of  the  lum- 
bering companies — the  Alamagordo  Lumber  Company,  has  of- 
fered to  deed  its  cut-over  lands  to  the  government  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  government  forest  reserve.  Another  company  is 
retimbering  its  lands  by  planting  the  hardy  catalpa  tree." 

Coal. 

In  his  report  for  1905,  the  Governor  spoke  at  some  length 
regarding  the  immense  coal  deposits  of  the  Territory.  This 
subject  is  chiefly  interesting  to  us  here  as  foreshadowing  the 
future  prosperity  of  this  state  to  be,  a  prosperity  in  which  the 
farmer  will  naturally  partake.  He  says: 

"The  area  of  the  prospected  coal  lands  is  1,500,000  acres,  or 
about  one-fiftieth  of  the  total  area  of  the  Territory.  It  is  thus 
seen  that  New  M.exico  is  well  endowed  with  fuel,  the  first 
requisite  for  successful  manufacturing,  smelting  and  railroading. 
The  United  States  coal  mine  inspector  reports  that  the  coal  in 
sight  in  these  prospected  fields  amounts  to  almost  9,000,000,000 
tons,  and  at  the  present  rate  of  production  it  will  take  six  thou- 
sand years  to  exhaust  the  fields  now  known.  Considerable  of 
the  coal  is  of  good  coking  quality,  and  the  production  of  coke 
during  the  past  five  years  was  200,000  tons.  The  coal  produced 
during  the  same  period  was  7,000,000  tons,  valued  at  $10,000,000 
at  the  mines." 

The  Governor  goes  on  to  speak  of  one  seam  of  coal  40  feet 
thick.  New  Mexico's  prosperity  is  assured.  There  are  also 
large  deposits  of  silver,  copper,  iron,  lead,  zinc  and  other  metals, 
besides  many  valuable  minerals,  such  as  salt,  alum,  sulphur, 
graphite,  gypsum,  lime,  etc. 

10 


Truly  an  Agricultural  State. 


The  New  Mexico  Farmer  an 
Aristocrat. 

Lest  some  of  the  readers  of  this  booklet  might  think  we 
were  exaggerating  when  we  speak  of  the  wonderful  possibilities 
of  New  Mexico  as  an  agricultural  country,  and  that  without  the 
aid  of  irrigation,  which  is,  of  course,  an  immense  aid  where  it 
can  be  resorted  to,  we  take  the  following  from  the  report  of 
the  Governor  for  1905: 

"The  up-to-date  New  Mexico  farmer  is  the  aristocrat  of  his 
craft.  *  *  *  If  his  ranch  is  well  located,  he  fears  neither 
excessive  moisture  nor  drought,  neither  hard  times  nor  panics. 
There  is  always  a  good  market  in  which  his  products  command 
top  prices,  and  as  to  crop  failure,  it  is  out  of  the  question  if 
he  knows  his  business.  New  Mexico  is  attracting  more 
attention  to-day  than  at  any  former  time  on  account  of  its  agri- 
cultural possibilities.  Home-seekers  are  coming  into  the  Terri- 
tory in  great  numbers,  taking  up  or  purchasing  large  areas  of 
land  in  valleys  or  on  the  mesas,  and  building  new  agricultural 
communities  of  considerable  importance." 

Alfalfa. 

Alfalfa  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  crops  of  New  Mexico. 
It  is  profitably  grown  not  only  in  the  irrigated  valleys,  but  on 
the  "benches"  and  wherever  there  is  a  water  table  within  the 
reach  of  the  plant's  roots,  which  may  be  twenty  feet,  or  even 
more.  It  is  grown  considerably  in  dry  farming  sections,  where 
there  is  no  irrigation.  In  New  Mexico,  as  in  western  Texas, 
alfalfa  does  well  in  almost  every  class  of  soil.  /  The  chemical 
constituents  of  the  soil  seem  to  have  little  to  do  with  the 
growth  of  the  crop,  provided  the  surface  is  level  and  the  roots 
can  get  down  to  the  water  table,  and  the  depth  that  the  roots 
will  penetrate  in  search  of  water  is  almost  incredible.  It  grows 
well  on  light  sandy  loam  as  on  the  heaviest  adobe.  In  fact, 
about  the  only  place  that  alfalfa  will  not  grow  is  in  a  water- 
logged soil.  The  area  of  alfalfa  in  New  Mexico  has  increased 
from  12,140  acres  in  1890  to  63,000  acres  in  1905.  The  average 
annual  yield  in  the  Territory  is  about  three  tons  to  the  acre. 
(These  figures  are  taken  from  the  Governor's  report.)  The  cost 
of  production,  including  taxes,  harvesting,  baling  and  delivery 


Cutting  Rye. 
11 


12 


An  Abundance  of  Grains. 


to  the  car,  does  not  exceed  four  dollars  per  ton,  and  the  large 
irrigation  farmers  produce  it  at  a  much  lower  figure.  The 
demand  for  alfalfa,  aside  from  that  of  local  consumption,  conies 
from  cities  and  towns,  mining  and  railroad  camps,  and  the 
thousands  of  isolated  stock  ranches  scattered  over  the  arid  and 
semi-arid  sections,  as  well  as  a  considerable  demand  from  por- 
tions of  Texas  and  the  republic  of  Mexico.  At  harvest  time  the 
price  of  alfalfa  is  comparatively  low,  usually  not  exceeding  $8 
per  ton,  but  the  forehanded  farmer  who  holds  his  crop  until  win- 
ter usually  gets  from  $10  to  $13  per  ton.  Alfalfa  farming  has 
proven  very  attractive  and  profitable  and  it  is  not  surprising 
that  the  area  devoted  to  it  has  increased  five  fold  in  the  past 
fifteen  years.  As  to  the  feeding  value  of  alfalfa,  it  is  conceded 
throughout  the  country  that  it  leads  all  other  forage  crops  in 
its  total  digestible  food  constituents  and  nitrogen  contents. 

Other  Forage  Crops. 

"While  alfalfa  is  the  main  forage  crop,  it  is  not  the  only 
one.  There  are  some  twenty  or  thirty  varieties  of  grasses 
that  grow  wild  upon  the  range  and  which  are  harvested  for 
hay,  the  chief,  and  probably  the  most  nutritious  being  grama 
grass,  which  during  the  wet  years  yields  as  high  as  two 
tons  to  the  acre.  Large  quantities  of  it  are  harvested  on  the 
public  range  and  sold  during  the  winter  or  fed  to  stock.  At- 
tempts to  cultivate  the  bromo  grass,  a  drought  and  cold-resist- 
ing forage  crop  of  great  value  to  stock  men,  yielding  three  to 
four  heavy  crops  per  year,  has  proven  successful,  especially 
on  the  upper  Pecos.  White  clover  does  well,  as  do  nearly  all 
the  other  forage  plants  of  the  temperate  zone.  Of  late  the 
value  of  wild  peas  for  the  feeding  of  stock  has  been  recognized, 
and  as  the  yield  per  acre  in  nutritive  value  is  equal  to  that  of 
an  acre  of  alfalfa,  there  is  a  future  for  those  who  will  go  into 
the  feeding  of  lambs  and  beeves  in  New  Mexico,  as  the  wild 
pea  and  lupine  requires  very  little  attention.  Oats  do  very 
w.ell  in  the  mountain  valleys,  as  well  as  on  the  plains  farms, 
and  the  yield  per  acre  is  quite  profitable.  In  fact,  oats  have 
become  a  staple  crop  in  the.  northern  part,  even  where  the 
raising  of  other  crops  is  not  attempted.  The  cultivation  of 
spineless  cactus  also  opens  vast  possibilities  to  the  stockmen, 
for  cactus^  and  mesquite  are  as  native  here  as  are  the  sage  brush 
and  the  pinon. 

Other  Grains. 

"Wheat  is  a  sure  crop  in  New  Mexico  if  sown  early.  The 
yield  of  wheat  per  acre  is  equal  to  the  yield  in  the  leading 
wheat  growing  states.  New  Mexico  wheat  received  first  pre- 
mium at  the  World's  Fair  at  Chicago  and  at  other  expositions. 
Before  the  building  of  the  railroads,  the  Taos  and  other  val- 
leys of  New  Mexico  w.ere  considered  the  granaries  of  the 
Southwest.  Rye,  barley,  millet,  and  other  cereal  crops  do  as 
well,  and  there  is  a  good  home  market  for  all  that  can  be 
produced." 

Heavier  Yields  than  in  the  North. 

The  Governor  is  too  conservativ.e.  Perhaps  he  was  afraid 
that  he  would  not  be  believed  if  he  said  that  wheat  yielded 
twice  as  much  in  New  Mexico  as  in  the  northwestern  wheat 
states,  but  he  would  be  corroborated  by  the  Department  of  Ag- 
riculture. From  the  Government  crop  tables  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  average  yield  of  wheat  in  New  Mexico  in  1906  was 
25  bushels  to  the  acre,  against  an  average  of  12.4  bushels  for 
the  Dakotas  and  Minnesota.  Moreover,  the  value  of  an  acre 
of  wheat  in  New  Mexico  is  given  at  $20.75,  against  $7.85  for 
the  great  wheat  states  named.  The  difference  is  even  more 


Ranks  High  in  Sugar  Beets. 


Beans  and  Kafflr  Corn. 

pronounced  in  favor  of  New  Mexico  when  we  consider  the 
hay  crop,  regarding  which  the  Governor  of  New  Mexico  speaks 
with  such  well-merited  enthusiasm.  The  Department  of  Ag- 
riculture report,  just  cited,  shows  that  the  average  value  of  an 
acre  of  hay  in  New  Mexico  in  1906  was  $26.88,  against  $7.54 
for  the  three  states  used  in  the  above  comparison,  or,  if  it 
claimed  that  a  term  of  years  would  supply  a  much  fairer  test, 
—which  is  quite  true,— we  find  that,  taking  the  past  ten  years, 
the  average  value  of  an  acre  of  hay  in  New  Mexico  was  $25.28, 
against  $6.01  for  the  northwest!  If  figures  prove  anything,  they 
prove  that  farming  pays  in  New  Mexico. 

Corn. 

Corn  (maize)  stands  next  to  alfalfa,  in  acreage  and  value 
of  total  product.  Kaffir  corn  (a  variety  of  sorghum)  grows  as 
well,  if  not  better  than  ordinary  corn,  and  in  some  parts  of 
the  Territory  is  grown  almost  exclusively  for  feeding  stock. 
It  yields  from  25  to  50  bushels  to  the  acre,  besides  producing 
a  large  quantity  of  excellent  stover.  Both  the  grain  and  stover 
are  fed  to  cattle  and  sheep  in  the  fattening  pens.  Kaffir  corn 
is  an  excellent  drouth  resister,  and  in  northeastern  New  Mexico 
is  raised  without  irrigation.  Sorghum  also  yields  good  crops 
and  in  many  localities  is  grown  for  its  sugar  content. 

Sugar  Beets. 

New  Mexico  ranks  first  among  localities  best  suited  to  the 
growth  of  high-grade  sugar  beets.  In  nearly  all  localities  where 
good  beets  can  be  grown,  there  may  also  be  found  the  neces- 
sary fuel,  limestone  and  water  of  good  quality,  as  well  as  cheap 
labor.  In  the  face  of  these  facts,  it  seems  plain  that  New  Mex- 
ico will  soon  have  its  sugar  factories.  When  it  becomes  known 
that  New  Mexico  is  even  better  suited  than  Colorado  for  both 
the  growing  of  beets  and  the  manufacture  of  sugar,  capital  will 
develop  this  industry  as  it  has  others.  The  isothermal  sugar 
zone  of  70°,  or  that  belt  of  the  United  States  best  adapted  to 
the  growth  of  sugar  beets,  extends  east  and  west  across  the 
United  States  and  embraces  that  portion  having  ^  a  mean  sum- 
mer temperature  between  69°  and  71°  F.  Entering  the  north- 
ern boundary  of  Colorado,  it  passes  through  the  entire  state 


Prospects  Bright  for  the  Farmer. 


and  into  New  Mexico,  where  it  forms  a  loop  in  the  extreme 
southern  part  of  the  Territory,  and  passes  upward  again  and 
out  at  the  extreme  northwestern  part.  The  entire  agricultural 
part  has  the  proper  climatic  conditions  for  the  cultivation  of 
sugar  beets,  although  the  Mesilla  and  lower  Pecos  valleys  in 
less  degree  than  the  more  northern  valleys.  Beets  when  fully 
matured  have  shown  a  high  sugar  content.  Dr.  Wiley,  of  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  who  is  undoubtedly 
the  best  authority  in  the  country  on  sugar  beets,  says: 

"It  is  evident  that  there  are  many  localities  in  New  Mex- 
ico where  conditions  of  temperature  are  most  favorable  to  the 
growth  of  beets.  There  are  also  large  areas  of  comparatively 
level  lands  which  are  capable  of  irrigation.  Wherever  the  tem- 
perature of  these  regions  is  sufficiently  low  to  permit  the  proper 
development  of  the  beet,  and  where  sufficient  water  for  irriga- 
tion can  be  secured,  there  is  good  reason  to  believe  that  the 
industry  may  be  established  and  prove  to  be  profitable.  While 
the  summer  days  of  New  Mexico  are  not  so  long  by  an  hour 
or  more  as  in  the  regions  farther  north,  the  amount  of  sunshine 
which  the  growing  beets  will  receive  is  practically  as  great  as 
in  more  northern  localities,  because  of  the  comparative  absence 
of  cloudy  or  rainy  days." 

The  same  scientist  tabulates  analyses  of  sugar  beets  grown 
in  the  different  states  and  territories,  from  which  it  may  be 
seen  that  New  Mexico  grown  beets  have  a  higher  percentage  of 
sugar  than  those  of  any  state  (of  twelve)  which  at  that  time 
had  sugar  factories  in  operation,  and  in  purity  of  juice  were 
only  exceeded,  and  that  very  slightly,  by  those  of  New  York 
and  Wisconsin.  The  average  of  sugar  content  for  eleven  states 
was  12.8,  and  for  New  Mexico,  17.2;  and  the  average  of  purity 
was  80,  while  the  New  Mexico  beets  tested  82.  Do  not  these 
facts  indicate  that  northeastern  New  Mexico  is  destined  to  be 
the  sugar  bowl  of  the  country? 

General  Agriculture. 

A  chapter  might  be  written  on  the  methods  of  agriculture 
pursued  by  the  successful  New  Mexico  farmer,  but  there  is  not 
room  for  it  here.  We  have  aimed  to  give  results — methods  are 
easy  to  learn.  The  "Dry-farming"  system,  which  every  intelli- 
gent farmer  at  the  north  puts  in  practice,  more  or  less,  has  been 


Harvesting  Sugar  Cane. 
15 


New  Mexico's  Orchards  Equal  the  Finest. 


found  to  be  very  successful  in  the  Pan  Handle  of  Texas  and  in 
eastern  New  Mexico.  Do  not  get  the  idea  that  "dry-farming" 
means  desert  farming— nothing  of  the  sort.  You  might  as  well 
suppose  that  the  kind  of  farming  that  they  do  in  the  east,  which 
might  be  called  "w.et  farming,"  means  putting  wooden  shoes 
on  the  horses,  as  they  do  in  Holland.  Dry  farming  is  simply 
the  trick  of  making  a  little  water  go  a  long  way;  of  making 
fifteen  or  twenty  inches  do  the  work  of  crop  raising  better  than 
forty  inches.  In  other  words,  demonstrating  that  a  little  water 
judiciously  used,  is  better  than  too  much.  Recognize  our  coun- 
try, says  the  New  Mexico  farmer  (formerly  from  the  east  or 
the  north),  as  an  agricultural  country,  and  you  will  soon  catch 
on.  Look  at  the  thousands  of  new  homesteads  that  have  been 
entered  and  improved ;  look  at  the  new  dwellings,  the  barns, 
windmills,  and  other  evidences  of  prosperity;  look  at  the  grow- 
ing crops,  or  the  crops  in  stack  and  barns,  and  look  at  the 
stock,  and  see  if  it  does  not  all  testify  to  the  goodness  of  the 
land.  Notice  the  new  towns  springing  up  along  the  Rock  Island, 
and  see  how  the  old  towns  are  taking  on  new  life.  This  is  not 
because  of  mineral  wealth,  though  the  Territory  is  one  of  the 
richest  mineral  regions  in  the  world,  but  because  the  country 
is  prospering  agriculturally.  This  is  an  established  fact. 

Fruit. 

We  have  spoken  of  the  exhibits  of  New  Mexico's  fruit,  and 
their  triumphs,  at  international  expositions.  New  Mexico,  in  its 
latitude  and  elevation,  resembles  the  fruitful  vales  of  northern 
Persia,  famed  in  all  history  for  the  great  variety  and  delicious 
quality  of  its  fruit.  The  growing  of  fruit  is  assuming  large 
proportions  in  the  Territory,  where,  on  account  of  the  great 
amount  of  sunshine  and  the  dry  climate,  there  is  little  trouble 
from  insect  or  fungus  pests.  It  may  already  be  said  that  the 
orchards  of  New  Mexico  are  fully  equal  to  those  of  the  finest 
horticultural  sections  of  the  United  States.  The  apple  flour- 
ishes in  Lincoln  and  Otero  counties,  and  is  being  extended  suc- 
cessfully to  the  draws  and  valleys  of  the  northern  counties.  An 
apple  tree  in  Otero  county  in  1900  yielded  6,000  pounds  of  fruit. 
Other  pomacious  fruits,  like  the  pear  and  quince,  thrive  as  well 
as  the  apple,  but  these  are  not  so  important  nor  are  they  planted 
so  extensively.  The  pear  has  a  marked  adaptability  and  thrives 


Fruit  Orchard — Three  Years  Old. 
16 


Grapes  Grow  Well. 


Drying  Fruit. 


on  the  heavy  adobe  soil,  seldom  showing  blight.  The  trees 
usually  bear  early,  and  are  long-lived  and  hardy. 

The  peach  succeeds  in  all  the  fruit-growing  sections  of  the 
Territory  and  usually  begins  to  bear  at  three  years  from  the 
time  of  planting.  The  tendency  of  the  trees  is  to  overbear,  and 
it  becomes  necessary  to  thin  the  fruit.  A  peach  orchard  of 
3,000  trees  has  yielded  100  tons  of  fruit.  In  size  and  quality, 
New  Mexico  peaches  are  not  excelled  anywhere  in  the  country. 
The  fruit,  as  a  rule,  are  highly-colored,  due  doubtless  to  the 
more  continuous  sunshine  during  the  ripening  period,  and  from 
the  same  cause  are  rich  in  sugar  and  are  highly  flavored.  The 
profitable  period  of  the  peach  tree  here  is  ten  or  fifteen  years. 
By  replanting  an  orchard  at  intervals  of  five  to  eight  years  a 
profitable  orchard  can  be  kept  up  almost  indefinitely.  In  New 
Mexico,  the  apricot  gives  evidence  of  a  longevity  greater  than 
that  of  any  other  orchard  tree,  with  the  possible  exception  of 
the  pear.  At  Santa  Fe,  seedling  apricot  trees  are  known  to  be 
two  centuries  old. 

Cherries  and  plums  are  being  successfully  cultivated  and 
there  is  a  growing  demand  for  these  fruits.  The  English 
Morello  and  other  sour  cherries  do  especially  well,  and  are  as 
highly  flavored  as  in  the  east.  The  Gages,  Damsons  and  egg 
plums,  and  other  old  English  varieties  of  plums,  are  found  to 
succeed,  as  do  the  Japanese  sorts. 

The  Territory  is  celebrated  for  its  grapes,  and;  like  Texas, 
it  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  able  to  raise  both  the  Vinifera 
and  the  Labrusca  varieties.  The  so-called  California  grapes  do 
finely,  and  these  are  the  kinds  grown  for  market.  The  native 
or  American  grapes  are  also  satisfactory  for  commercial  pur- 
poses, and  are  mostly  grown  for  family  use.  The  Diamond, 
Concord,  Catawba,  and  other  eastern  varieties  do  well  in  the 
northern  counties.  It  is  estimated  that  there  are  over  fifteen 
thousand  acres  of  vineyard  in  the  Territory. 

Small  fruit  does  well  and  yields  big  profits,  especially  cur- 
rants, raspberries  and  gooseberries,  which  obtain  a  size  and 
flavor  that  are  nowhere  excelled  in  this  country.  The  prospect 
for  canneries  and  preserving  plants  in  New  Mexico  is  very 
bright. 

17 


New  Mexico  Growing  Rapidly  in  Population. 

New  Mexico's 
Population. 

To  say  that  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico  has  a  population 
of  300,000  means  little.  Many  cities  in  the  east  have  more  peo- 
ple, though  they  may  have  a  much  smaller  proportion  of  pros- 
perous inhabitants.  But  when  we  consider  that  in  1850,  when 
the  Territory  was  organized,  though  it  then  included  what  is 
now  Arizona  and  a  portion  of  Colorado,  it  had  but  61,500,  w,e 
can  understand  the  great  change  that  has  taken  place  in  the 
population.  But  a  small  portion  is  the  natural  increase  of  the 
original  inhabitants.  The  greater  part  of  the  New  Mexican 
citizenship  of  to-day  is  the  stock  that  has  drifted  in  from  Texas, 
from  Mississippi,  from  Alabama,  from  Arkansas  and  Kansas 
and  from  other  states  west  of  the  Mississippi,  with  a  sprinkling 
of  nervous,  hustling  northerners.  But  it  is  not  only  in  popula- 
tion that  New  Mexico  has  progressed  during  the  past  half- 
century.  A  public  school  system  has  been  established  and  is 
being  liberally  maintained,  its  schools  comparing  favorably  with 
those  of  eastern  cities  of  much  larger  population.  Financially, 
the  Territory  is  in  excellent  condition;  institutions  are  well  sup- 
ported and  the  bonded  indebtedness  is  being  paid  off,  with  a  low 
rate  of  taxation. 

Progressive  Communities. 

Here  is  what  the  Governor  says  of  the  condition  of  society 
in  the  Territory:  "The  cities  and  towns  are  progressive,  and 
the  idea  that  the  Territory  is  upon  the  ragged  edge  of  civiliza- 
tion is  entirely  erroneous,  for  civilization  is  older  in  New  Mex- 
ico than  in  any  other  part  of  the  United  States.  Every  settle- 
ment has  its  church  and  its  school  house,  and  social  organiza- 
tions and  fraternities  were  organized  in  the  centers  of  popula- 
tion as  long  as  fifty  years  ago,  the  Masonic  and  Odd  Fellows' 
lodges  at  Santa  Fe,  for  instance,  having  both  celebrated  their 
semi-centennial.  Irrigation  works,  a  network  of  railroads,  mod- 
ern mercantile  establishments,  colleges,  academies,  high  schools, 
institutions  of  learning  and  of  charity,  hospitals,  sanitariums, 
all  testify  to  a  spirit  that  aims  to  keep  abreast  with  the  times. 
The  larger  towns  have  electric  light  works,  two  of  the  cities 
have  electric  street  railways,  all  of  the  larger  towns  have  water- 
works, four  of  the  cities  have  free  delivery  mail,  three  rural 
mail  routes  have  been  established,  the  Territory  has  entered 
upon  a  program  of  good  road  building,  and  on  every  side  there 
are  evidences  of  civic  spirit  and  pride  manifested  in  beautiful 
homes,  prosperous  farms,  and  progress  along  every  line  of  pub- 
lic and  private  activity." 

Union  County. 

Union  county  is  the  first  reached  from  the  Texas  border,  by 
the  Rock  Island-Frisco  lines,  and  is  located  in  the  northeastern 
corner  of  the  Territory.  The  county  is  as  large  as  the  Hawaiian 
islands,  and  three  times  as  large  as  the  state  of  Delaware.  The 
Canadian  river,  flowing  across  the  lower  end  of  the  county,  is 
its  principal  stream,  and  other  streams  are  Ute  Creek,  Tram- 
peras,  Tucumcari,  Los  Cerros,  Flag,  Carriso,  Major  Long,  Leon, 
Palo  Blanco,  Hoi  Keo,  Currumpaw,  Travesier  and  Dry  Cimar- 
ron.  In  the  north  are  the  Sierra  Grande  in  which  Mount  Ca- 
pulin,  an  extinct  volcano,  rises  to  a  height  of  9,000  feet.  Ex- 
tinct volcanoes,  by  the  way,  indicate  a  remarkably  rich  soil.  We 
take  the  following  description  from  the  official  report: 

"Stock  raising  is  the  principal  industry  and  source  of  ^its 
wealth.  The  mild  winters,  the  free  range,  and  the  flourishing 
grasses  make  stock  raising  very  profitable  here.  Of  the  60,000 

18 


Union  County  Rich  in  Resources. 


cattle  on  the  range,  many  are  a  good  grade  of  Herefords,  and 
a  number  of  model  stock  farms  are  to  be  found.  The  number 
of  sheep  exceeds  600,000,  it  leading  all  others  in  the  Territory 
in  the  sheep  industry.  At  Clayton,  the  county  seat,  3,000,000 
pounds  of  wool  and  about  600  carloads  of  stock,  are  sold  an- 
nually, while  buyers  of  lambs  for  feeding  and  breeding  pur- 
poses make  frequent  visits  to  Clayton  and  Folsom.  Each  year 
100,000  lambs  are  shipped  to  Colorado  and  Kansas  City  points, 
where  they  are  fed  for  market.  Of  late  years,  quite  a  number 
of  cattlemen  have  been  raising  alfalfa  on  a  small  scale  for 
feeding  purposes.  Altogether,  about  2,000  acres  have  been  put 
under  cultivation.  The  sheep  growers  will  undoubtedly  soon 
follow  this  example.  The  cattlemen  are  rapidly  improving  their 
stock  by  importing  registered  cattle  from  the  States.  The  rais- 
ing of  goats  is  a  growing  industry,  as  well  as  the  breeding  of 
horses  for  market,  both  proving  profitable.  Railroads  afford 
good  facilities  for  the  shipment  of  stock. 

Whenever  water  is  available  for  irrigation  purposes  crops 
of  grain,  vegetables  and  fruits  can  be  raised  with  unvarying  an- 
nual success.  There  are  a  number  of  orchards  in  which  every 
variety  of  fruit  of  the  temperate  zone  is  raised.  Wild  fruits 
and  nuts  grow  in  abundance  along  the  streams  and  on  the 


Cattle   Range,  New  Mexico. 

mountain  slopes.  If  the  flood  waters  which  run  down  the 
river  beds  at  certain  seasons  were  stored,  fully  100,000  acres 
could  be  brought  under  cultivation.  Many  natural  reservoir 
sites  exist.  Dry  farming  will  eventually  reclaim  many  acres 
in  this  county.  Over  2,000  homestead  entries  have  been  made 
since  June,  1905. 

Mining  is  in  its  infancy,  but  there  are  undoubted  indications 
of  gold,  silver,  copper  and  lead  ores  in  various  precincts.  Coal 
deposits  exist  in  the  northern  part,  the  veins  being  an  exten- 
sion of  the  Trinidad  fields  in  Colorado.  Fine  mineral  springs 
are  at  Folsom,  and  there  is  but  little  doubt  that  artesian  water 
will  be  found  at  a  moderate  depth. 

The  climate  is  as  good  as  is  to  be  found  in  the  United 
States.  The  altitude,  ranging  from  4,000  to  8,000  feet,  giving 
the  air  a  lightness  that  is  especially  beneficial  in  pulmonary 
troubles.  The  nights  are  always  cool,  and  the  summer  heat  is 
moderated  by  the  altitude  as  well  as  the  cool  breezes  from  the 
mountains,  while  the  cold  in  winter  is  tempered  by  the  constant 
sunshine  and  protection  which  the  mountains  afford  from  high 
winds. 

19 


N^Va^rva^ 

{  \      &£">«>  °»P         ^--~^ V 


ArroyohonJ      B"<*     ^AWSC 


ORanches     !' 
ofTaos      / _, 


l—il )f     L    LA    NO 


MAP  OF 
EASTERN    PORTION 


NEW  MEXICO 

Traversed  by  Rock  Island  Lines 


Nara  Visa  a  Coming  City. 


The  county  seat  is  Clayton,  situated  in  the  northeastern  part, 
on  the  Colorado  and  Southern  Railway.  Here  the  Federal  land 
office  for  the  northeastern  part  of  New  Mexico  is  situated.  The 
town  has  a  population  of  800,  with  electric  light,  water  works 
and  good  public  buildings. 

Nara  Visa. 

Nara  Visa  is  46  miles  from  Dalhart,  and  has  about  500  popu- 
lation. The  town  is  only  a  year  old  and  has  over  thirty  busi- 
ness houses,  including  seven  general  stores,  two  dry-goods 
stores,  one  of  which  is  valued  at  $100,000;  a  drug  store,  four 
hotels,  a  National  bank  with  deposits  of  over  $70,000,  two  wide- 
awake newspapers,  two  lumber  yards  and  three  coal  yards.  A 
water  works,  ice  and  electric  light  plant  have  been  organized, 
and  an  active  business  men's  club  is  busy  inviting  industries  of 
a  varied  character.  Bonds  have  been  voted  for  an  $8,000 
school,  and  churches  and  public  buildings  will  soon  follow. 

Among  the  strong  points  of  Nara  Visa,  the  water  is  perhaps 
the  most  important.  It  is  pure,  cold  and  soft,  entirely  free  from 
alkali,  and  is  plentiful  at  a  depth  of  50  to  200  feet.  The  rail- 
road wells  here  analyze  98  per  cent.  pure.  The  soil  ranges  from 
a  light,  sandy  loam  near  the  Canadian  river,  to  a  heavy,  dark 
chocolate  loam  further  north,  and  is  very  productive  for  small 
grain,  fodder  crops  and  fruit.  Corn  yields  35  and  50  bushels, 
and  wheat  15  to  30  bushels  on  sod  land.  The  latitude  is  the 
same  as  that  of  Raleigh,  N.  C,  with  an  altitude  of  4,000  to 
4,500  feet  above  the  sea  level,  insuring  a  good  ripening  season, 
with  mild  and  equable  weather  both  summer  and  winter.  The 
summer  evenings  and  nights  are  always  cool,  and  there  is  an 
average  of  over  twenty  clear,  sunshiny  days  to  the  month.  The 
climate  is  considered  a  specific  for  asthma,  and  some  have  come 
here  on  that  account  alone. 

Amistad. 

Amistad,  on  the  Tramperas  prairie,  north  of  Nara  Visa,  is 
a  settlement  of  about  250  families  of  Christian  people  of  sev- 
eral denominations  from  the  north,  who  have  founded  this  pro- 
tective colony  in  Texas  and  New  Mexico,  where  religious,  edu- 
cational and  healthful  social  influences  shall  be  secured  for 
themselves  and  their  children.  They  have  a  church,  school  and 
academy;  general  store,  hardware  store,  lumber  yard  and  hotel, 
and  are  actively  engaged  in  securing  new  industries.  At  lone, 
20  miles  west,  is  an  Iowa  settlement,  which  is  doing  finely. 
Central  City,  35  miles  north  of  Nara  Visa,  has  a  bank  and 
store,  and  is  an  excellent  opening  for  many  kinds  of  trade  and 
business.  It  is  in  an  artesian  belt,  which  means  that  it  is  good 
for  alfalfa  and  fruit  and  vegetables.  There  are  no  negroes  in 
the  neighborhood.  About  eight  miles  west  is  a  settlement  of 
Hungarians,  whose  industry  and  thrift  has  made  them  many 
friends.  They  are  making  themselves  comfortable  homes  where 
a  few  years  ago  the  land  could  scarcely  be  given  away. 

One  of  the  great  needs  of  this  country  is  a  good  nursery, 
where  fruit  and  other  trees  can  be  originated  and  domesticated, 
and  new  and  valuable  varieties  introduced.  Mr.  L.  K.  Egerton 
has  established  a  nursery  at  Nara  Visa,  and  after  considerable 
experience  in  the  Pan  Handle  and  western  Oklahoma,  he  says 
that  fruit  and  shade  trees  put  out  in  the  Nara  Visa  country 
are  doing  better  than  any  he  has  put  out  in  any  other  section 
of  the  southwest. 

Mr.  Willard  Belknap,  an  attorney  and  successful  ranchman 
and  farmer,  writes  that  those  who  have  cattle  on  range  are 
selling  them  off  as  rapidly  as  possible,  as  farming  has  practi- 
cally ended  the  free  range,  but  the  homesteaders  are  going  into 
the  stock  farming  business  by  raising  hogs,  beef  cattle  and  dairy 


What  One  Man  Did. 


Orchard  Near  Nara  Visa,  N.  M. 

products.  He  adds  that  an  association  is  being  formed  to 
promote  the  raising  of  cantaloupes,  and  another  of  broomcorn 
raisers,  the  soil  and  climate  being  ideal  for  both  these  prod- 
ucts'. 

By  the  way,  the  first  sale  of  a  deeded  homestead  in  this  sec- 
tion, lying  fifteen  miles  northwest  of  Nara  Visa,  with  no  im- 
provements but  a  well,  was  made  this  August  ('07)  at  $2,000. 
Land  in  the  Texas  Pan  Handle,  five  miles  east  of  this  point, 
is  selling  at  $8  to  $15  per  acre  for  the  "raw  stuff."  In  a  radius 
of  twenty  miles  around  Nara  Visa  there  are  about  137,000  acres 
of  deeded  land,  now  priced  at  $8  to  $15  per  acre,  and  75,000 
acres  of  good  land  open  to  homesteaders.  Most  of  the  occu- 
pants of  homestead  lands  are  preparing  to  commute,  an  evidence 
that  they  are  satisfied  with  the  land  and  able  to  perfect  their 
titles  in  advance  of  the  legal  limit. 

The  soil  in  this  part  of  Union  county  varies  from  a  heavy 
red  sandy  loam  to  a  dark  chocolate  loam.  All  crops  of  the 
Pan  Handle  are  raised  here,  especially  Kaffir  corn,  milo  and 
sorghum.  Just  east  of  here  wheat  has  been  extensively  raised, 
with  as  high  as  40  bushels  to  the  acre.  Within  a  couple  of 
miles  of  Nara  Visa  last  year  35  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre  were 
made  on  sod  land.  The  rainfall  here  for  June  last  was  over 
three  inches.  Here  are  a  couple  of  letters  from  recent  home- 
steaders, which  tell  their  own  story : 

$150  an  Acre  from  Turnips. 

I  came  to  the  Nara  Visa  country  August  5,  1905,  and  made  a 
homestead  entry  on  a  quarter-section  of  free  government  land, 
in  January,  1906.  I  located  on  my  claim  and  commenced  to 
break  sod  and  get  ready  for  a  crop.  I  planted  milo  maize, 
Kaffir  corn  and  Indian  corn,  all  of  these  crops  doing  well.  My 
Indian  corn  made  30  bushels  to  the  acre  on  sod  land;  the  fod- 
der did  not  get  so  good  a  stand  but  I  made  two  tons  of  fodder 
to  the  acre. 

I  experimented  with  melons,  cantaloupes  and  pumpkins  and 
they  all  made  a  success.  I  had  half  an  acre  of  turnips  and 
gathered  125  bushels,  weighing  from  four  to  five  pounds  each. 
The  turnips  sold  readily  for  60  cents  a  bushel. 

22 


Stock  Raising  in  Quay  County. 


I  put  in  fifteen  acres  of  Indian  corn  the  17th  of  April;  at 
this  date,  June  22,  it  is  about  knee-high,  and  has  a  good  stand. 
I  am  well  pleased  with  the  Nara  Visa  country ;  all  any  man  has 
to  do  is  to  go  to  work  with  the  same  energy  as  he  would  back 
east  and  he  will  have  no  trouble  about  crops. 

E.  M.  KERR. 

"Corn,  the  Finest  I  Ever  Saw." 

I  went  onto  my  claim  about  the  middle  of  January,  1907, 
and  with  my  son  commenced  to  break  the  sod.  We  planted 
fifty  acres  of  Indian  corn  about  the  10th  day  of  May.  It  is  now 
looking  the  finest  I  ever  saw.  I  have  not  had  to  plant  any  of  it 
the  second  time,  and,  in  fact,  I  do  not  know  of  any  one  who 
has  planted  corn  the  second  time  here  this  year.  We  have 
planted  twenty-eight  acres  of  milo  maize;  it  was  planted  about 
the  middle  of  May  and  is  doing  as  good  as  I  ever  saw.  We 
have  about  nine  acres  of  sorghum  and  are  just  about  to  sow 
seven  acres  of  millet.  We  have  about  an  acre  of  Irish  potatoes 
sowed  about  the  first  day  of  May,  and  have  already  dug  po- 
tatoes as  large  as  a  hen  egg.  We  have  a  small  patch  of  alfalfa 
with  a  good  stand,  and  it  is  about  seven  inches  high  at  this 
time.  We  have  over  one  hundred  acres  of  crops  in  and  every- 
thing is  doing  well.  We  have  plenty  of  rain  and  all  any  man 
need  to  do  to  get  good  crops  is  to  take  hold  and  work. 

The  Nara  Visa  country  is  good  enough  for  me.  I  came  here 
from  the  Cherokee  Nation,  and  I  consider  this  as  good  a  coun- 
try as  I  have  ever  seen,  and  the  climate  is  the  best. 

G.  W.  PAYNE. 

All  kinds  of  grain  and  fodder,  as  well  as  fruits  and  vege- 
tables, that  may  be  grown  in  the  Mississippi  valley,  have  been 
grown  in  this  part  of  New  Mexico  for  the  past  six  years.  The 
country  is  especially  fitted  for  raising  hogs,  poultry  and  dairy 
cattle;  the  mild,  open  winter  making  it  possible  for  all  kinds  of 
stock  to  run  out  during  the  day,  requiring  shelter  only  during 
the  night  or  during  an  occasional  "norther."  The  rainfall  is 
twenty  to  twenty-five  inches,  the  larger  part  of  which  is  during 
the  growing  months.  In  fact,  during  last  April  and  May  (1907) 
the  rainfall  of  northeastern  New  Mexico  exceeded  that  of  the 
northern  Mississippi  valley  by  about  an  inch  each  month. 

Quay  and  San  Miguel  Counties. 

Quay  county  lies  directly  south  of  Union  county  and  the 
eastern  end  of  San  Miguel,  consisting  almost  wholly  of  the 
great  Pablo  Montoya  grant,  and  adjoins  Deaf  Smith  and  Old- 
ham  counties  of  Texas  on  the  west.  Following  is  from  the  of- 
ficial report  already  cited: 

"Quay  is  classed  as  a  plains  country,  but  it  is  by  no  means 
entirely  level,  the  surface  being  broken  by  hills  and  peaks,  which 
in  spots  rise  to  the  dignity  of  mountains,  all  being  foothills  of 
the  great  Rocky  Mountain  system.  The  southeastern  portion 
is  part  of  the  Staked  Plains.  The  county  is  in  the  drainage 
area  of  the  Canadian  River  in  its  northern  part.  Besides  the 
Canadian,  the  Pajarito  is  the  principal  water  course.  The 
Plaza  Largo  and  the  Trujillo  are  other  streams,  but  are  dry 
part  of  the  year.  Basins  or  water  holes  dot  the  plains,  which 
are  filled  with  water  at  times,  forming  lakes  in  the  rainy  sea- 
son. 

"Being  a  grazing  country,  the  stock  industry  flourishes.  On 
its  ranges  are  150,000  sheep  and  60,000  cattle.  Tucumcari  has 
become  a  great  wool-shipping  center,  the  grade  of  wool  pro- 
duced being  above  the  average.  The  mild  winters  and  a  good 
supply  of  water  make  the  county  especially  favorable  to  the 
stock  industry. 

23 


0£S& 


Tucumcari  a  Very  Important  Place. 


"Agriculture  is  also  carried  on  upon  a  small  scale,  water  for 
irrigation  being  supplied  chiefly  from  shallow  wells.  The  water 
can  be  raised  by  windmills  or  with  gasoline  engines.  On  the 
Pajarito  and  around  Tucumcari  there  are  good  farms.  A  be- 
ginning has  been  made  in  raising  fruit,  the  climate  being  espe- 
cially adapted  to  horticulture,  apiary,  chicken  farming  and  other 
branches  of  husbandry.  Dry  farming  gives  encouraging  results. 
Excellent  building  stone  is  found,  as  well  as  clay  for  the  mak- 
ing of  brick.  The  climate,  like  that  of  the  rest  of  the  Terri- 
tory, is  a  specific  for  lung  and  throat  trouble.  The  winters  are 
mild  and  the  summers  are  cool,  especially  the  summer  nights. 
The  altitude  varies  between  4,000  and  6,000  feet.  On  July  1, 
1905,  there  were  1,467,532  acres  still  subject  to  entry  under  the 
Federal  land  laws,  although  around  Tucumcari  the  land  has 
been  pretty  well  taken  up  by  homesteaders." 

Tucumcari. 

Tucumcari,  93  miles  from  Dalhart,  is  the  county  seat  of 
Quay  county  and  the  business  town  for  the  eastern  part  of  San 
Miguel,  as  it  is  close  to  the  county  line.  Here  the  Rock  Island- 
Frisco  line,  on  its  way  to  El  Paso,  joins  the  Dawson  branch  of 
the  El  Paso  Southwestern,  which  runs  up  into  the  coal  fields, 
timber  and  mining  country  of  Colfax  county,  and  gives  access, 
through  Raton  and  Trinidad,  to  the  Colorado  mining  region. 
From  the  east,  the  Rock  Island-Frisco,  which  has  already  placed 
its  shops  and  roundhouse  here,  is  building  from  Amarillo,  thus 
giving  bee-line  connection  with  Oklahoma  City,  Memphis  and 
the  east.  Another  road  is  projected  from  central  Texas,  so  that 
the  transportation  necessities  are  well  provided  for. 

Tucumcari  has  about  3,000  people,  having  doubled  in  popu- 
lation in  the  past  twelve  months.  There  are  two  banks,  with 
deposits  of  over  $400,000,  while  a  year  ago  there  was  but  one 
bank,  with  less  than  $90,000.  There  is  a  fine  $15,000  stone  court 
house,  and  a  two-story  brick  school,  costing  $10,000;  two  news- 
papers, three  lumber  yards,  two  wholesale  merchandise  and 
commission  houses,  with  agricultural  implement  and  hardware, 
two  groceries,  three  drug  stores,  three  general  merchandise  (the 
business  of  one  of  which  averaged  $1,000  a  day  last  year),  one 
tinshop  and  cornice  works,  two  furniture  houses,  one  bakery, 
one  photographer,  one  musical  instrument  house,  an  ice  factory 
and  cold  storage,  cigar  factory,  broom  factory,  a  wool-scouring 
plant  that  ships  some  2,000,000  pounds  of  wool  a  year,  three 
hotels,  several  restaurants,  etc.  There  is  also  an  electric  light 
plant,  telephone  service  and  good  artesian  water. 

A  valuable  and  profitable  addition  to  Tucumcari  would  be  a 
well-managed  sanitarium.  The  altitude  is  4,194  feet,  and  the 
climate,  winter  and  summer,  is  all  that  could  be  desired.  The 
average  temperature  for  1905  was  57°,  and  for  1906,  56.8°,  while 
the  lowest  in  1905  was  -11°  and  in  1906  -1°.  The  highest  in 
1905  was  101°,  and  last  year  100°.  It  should  be  added  that  in 
this  wonderfully  dry  atmosphere  the  extremes  of  heat  and  cold 
are  scarcely  felt.  The  precipitation  in  1905  was  22  inches,  and 
in  1906  it  was  15.3.  Average,  18.3  inches.  The  average  precipi- 
tation, May  to  August,  inclusive,  was  10  inches. 

An  illustration  of  the  dryness  of  the  atmosphere:  Last  Sep- 
tember a  collection  of  grain,  fruit,  vegetables,  etc.,  was  made 
by  the  postmaster  and  exhibited  in  the  postoffice,  and  a  very 
creditable  exhibition  it  was,  by  the  way.  The  big  sweet  po- 
tatoes, beets,  squash,  pumpkins,  etc.,  including  a  large  water- 
melon, remained  on  the  floor  until  June  last,  when  they  were 
seen  by  the  writer,  and  they  showed  no  decay.  They  had  dried 
up.  Meat,  when  it  is  killed,  may  be  exposed  to  the  sun  and 
dried;  it  does  not  spoil.  And  the  tubercle  bacillus,  which  lives 
on  dampness,  dries  up  also  and  ceases  its  torments. 

25 


Some  Examples  of  Success. 


Many  Testify  ^to  Fine  Crops. 

Revuelto,  Palomas  and  Montoya  are  growing  towns  of  Quay 
county,  the  first  named  being  ten  miles  east,  on  the  line  of  the 
new  Choctaw  road,  and  the  others  being  stations  on  the  El  Paso 
line.  There  is  also  a  flourishing  German  settlement  about  four- 
teen miles  south  of  Tucnmcari.  Here  are  some  examples  of 
what  Tucumcari  soil  can  do,  and  they  are  only  a  few  out  of 
half  a  hundred  witnesses  whose  records  we  have. 

Judge  W.  C.  Patterson,  general  farming,  made  40  bushels  of 
oats  to  the  acre,  beside  a  big  crop  of  oat  hay;  two  and  a  half 
tons  of  beans,  and  four  and  a  half  acres  of  peanuts,  which  fed 
four  head  of  cattle,  five  horses  and  seventeen  hogs.  Judge  Pat- 
terson believes  in  peanuts. 

R.  M.  Salyer  has  a  thrifty  orchard  of  apples,  peaches,  pears, 
plums  and  cherries,  besides  a  vineyard  of  various  varieties. 

William  Murphy,  near  Tucumcari,  made  four  cuttings  of  al- 
falfa, the  second  being  two  and  one-half  feet  high,  the  whole 
totaling  eight  feet. 


Harvesting   Millet. 

Capt.  Langston,  of  near  Tucumcari,  last  year,  raised  270 
bushels  of  corn  on  9  acres,  25  tons  of  Kaffir  corn  on  10  acres, 
25  tons  of  milo  maize  on  10  acres,  255  tons  of  cane  on  30  acres, 
3,600  Ibs.  of  Mexican  beans  on  3  acres  and  sold  at  three  cents 
a  pound,  1,000  melons  from  ll/2  acres,  and  300  pounds  of  peanuts 
from  y*  acre. 

A.  A.  Blankenship,  of  near  Tucumcari,  raised  200  bushels 
of  oats,  30  tons  of  maize  and  5  tons  of  barley,  from  90  acres  of 
sod,  and  sold  $500  worth  of  hogs. 

Earnest  Dodson,  eight  miles  south  of  Tucumcari,  rented  25 
acres  to  a  neighbor  for  one-third  of  the  crop,  and  his  part 
netted  him  $4  per  acre. 

E.  H.  Fullwood,  of  Tucumcari,  a  successful  grower  of  broom 
corn,  has  put  up  a  broom  factory  to  handle  his  crop.  The 
neighborhood  will  plant  1,000  acres  this  year.  Last  year  he  had 
10  acres  that  produced  one  and  one-half  tons  of  oats  per  acre, 
one-quarter  acre  of  onions  that  yielded  1,000  Ibs.,  and  four  acres 
of  broom  corn  that  made  100  dozen  brooms,  which  he  sold  at 
$4  per  dozen. 

Alfalfa  last  year  produced  two  and  three  cuttings  at  $12  to 
$15  a  ton.  Onions  yielded  4,500  Ibs.  an  acre;  broom  corn,  one- 
quarter  to  one-half  ton  an  acre;  and  corn,  20  to  50  bushels  an 
acre. 


New  Mexico  is  Very  Healthful. 


.^. 

An  Interesting  Letter. 

TUCUMCARI,  June  20. 

I  have  been  engaged  in  farming  here  for  five  years,  on  a 
small  scale,  and  have  found  it  very  profitable.  I  have  raised 
Indian  corn  for  the  last  three  years,  the  average  yield  being 
about  25  bushels  per  acre.  Last  year's  yield  was  better,  owing 
to  the  land  being  in  a  better  state  of  cultivation.  I  have  also 
had  splendid  success  with  milo  maize,  Kaffir  corn  and  oats,  rye, 
millet  and  Mexican  beans.  The  soil  is  a  dark,  sandy  loam,  and 
produces  with  less  moisture  than  any  lands  I  have  ever  culti- 
vated. Water  is  generally  shallow,  though  in  some  localities  it 
is  deep.  It  is  usually  of  good  quality,  though  in  places  some 
soda  is  met  with.  The  climate  is  very  good,  with  the  exception 
of  high  winds  in  the  spring  months.  The  evenings  are  always 
cool  and  pleasant. 

The  country  is  being  settled  up  with  a  good  class  of  peo- 
ple; thrifty  farmers  from  Oklahoma,  Kansas,  Missouri  and 
Texas, — in  fact,  from  most  all  states.  Stock  farming  pays,  as 
the  climate  is  well  adapted  to  stock  of  all  kinds.  Hogs  do  un- 
usually well.  We  have  had  a  splendid  market  for  all  farm 
produce.  R.  A.  DODSON. 

The  Canadian  river,  with  the  Rio  Concha  and  other  tribu- 
taries, flows  through  the  eastern  end  of  San  Miguel  county,  and 
the  adjoining  benches  and  plains  offer  promising  opportunities 
for  grazing,  fruit  and  alfalfa.  Atarque,  Canadian,  Campana, 
Chaves,  Medio  and  Bell  Ranch  are  points  in  this  neighborhood 
that  are  well  worth  looking  up.  The  Bureau  of  Immigration 
has  this  to  say  about  San  Miguel: 

"It  will  be  hard  to  find  public  lands  in  the  valleys  of  the 
streams  or  where  springs  or  permanent  lakes  are  situated.  Nev- 
ertheless, many  good  locations  on  the  public  domain  are  still 
open,  although  it  is  not  believed  that  any  of  them  contain  liv- 
ing water.  The  public  lands  are  excellent  for  grazing  and  ex- 
perience has  taught  that  upon  many  quarter-sections  in  this 
county  water  can  be  developed  by  artificial  means.  Abundant 
crops  of  cereals  and  vegetables  can  be  raised  wherever  and 
whenever  sufficient  water  can  be  had.  It  is  one  of  the  leading 
sheep  raising  counties  in  the  Territory.  There  are  also  many 
common  goats  raised  and  many  cattle  are  owned  and  grazed 
within  its  confines. 

"During  1905  and  1906  several  successful  experiments  in  rais- 
ing crops  by  intensive  farming  or  by  the  dry  culture  method 
were  reported." 


Alamo  Ave.,  Alamogordo,  N.  M. 

27 


Railroads  Mean  Rapid  Development. 


New  Mexico  Ranch  Home. 

A  Mile  High. 

The  land  gradually  rises  as  we  go  west  and  south,  and  at 
Pastura  we  find  ours.elves  at  an  elevation  of  5,285  feet,  or  nearly 
1,100  feet  higher  than  Tucumcari.  At  Torrance,  which  is  a 
junction  point,  and  where  cement  works  are  located,  we  have  an 
altitude  of  6,432  feet,  and  at  Corona,  a  little  beyond,  we  are 
on  the  height  of  land,  at  6,666  feet.  If  it  were  not  that  the 
whole  country  was  a  natural  sanitarium,  and  where  simply  liv- 
ing out  in  the  open  air  and  going  about  one's  business  was  to 
insure  sturdy  good  health,  one  might  expect  soon  to  see  a  big 
health  factory  erected  at  Corona,  or  on  the  Mesa  de  Callo,  near 
by.  If  I  were  asked  to  name  the  three  leading  crops  of  this 
country,  I  should  say:  health,  Kaffir  and  cantaloupes. 

Guadalupe  County. 

Guadalupe  county  is  south  of  San  Miguel  and  west  of  Quay. 
The  Governor's  report  says: 

"The  county  is  rapidly  developing.  A  few  years  ago  it  did 
not  contain  a  mile  of  railroad,  telegraph,  or  telephone  line.  It 
was  practically  isolated  from  the  world  and  even  from  its  neigh- 
boring counties.  But  since  then  the  Rock  Island  and  El  Paso  and 
the  El  Paso  and  Northeastern  railways  have  built  into  the 
county,  forming  a  junction  at  Santa  Rosa.  With  the  railroads 
have  come  the  telegraph,  new  towns,  new  settlers  and  new  life. 
It  is,  first  of  all,  a  stock  country.  This  year  (1905)  it  produced 
3,000,000  pounds  of  wool,  and  the  sheep  on  its  ranges  are  esti- 
mated at  600,000.  Some  of  the  highest  grade  wools  produced 
in  New  Mexico  come  from  this  county,  the  bulk  being  of  De- 
laine-Merino mixture.  Cattle  raising  is  an  important  business. 
About  10,000  Shetland  ponies  and  about  10,000  goats  are  in- 
cluded in  the  county's  wealth.  In  the  eastern  part  are  many 
springs.  On  July  1,  1905,  there  were  1,562,578  acres  subject  to 
entry.  The  Pecos  river  cuts  through  from  northwest  to  south- 
east, and  in  its  valley  are  fertile  agricultural  lands.  Its  princi- 
pal tributaries  are  the  Gallinas,  Enteros,  Agua  Negra,  Chiquita, 
San  Juan  de  Dios,  Alamogordo,  Petrillo,  Pintada,  Salado,  and 
Los  Lunas.  The  northwestern  portion  is  in  the  drainage  of 
the  Canadian;  the  Pajarito  and  Cuervo  are  the  principal  trib- 
utaries. There  are  no  modern  or  extensive  irrigation  systems. 
The  county  has  no  high  mountain  peaks  or  ranges,  but  is  never- 
theless very  rugged.  The  following  land  grants  are  in  the 
county:  Preston  Beck,  Anton  Chico,  Perea  and  Agua  Negra. 


Some  of  the  Richest  Soil  on  Earth. 


"The  crops  raised  are  alfalfa,  fruit,  vegetables  and  cereals. 
There  are  no  developed  mines,  but  indications  of  gold  and  cop- 
per ores  exist,  and  oil  rock  is  quite  prevalent,  covering  a  large 
area  around  Santa  Rosa.  Large  deposits  of  good  building  stone 
and  some  pine  and  cedar  timber  are  found.  The  county  will 
always  be  a  fine  stock  country,  for  it  possesses  vast  stretches 
of  grazing  lands  that  are  not  likely  to  be  invaded  by  the  farmer, 
miner  or  factory  hand.  But  it  also  has  some  good  farming 
possibilities.  The  soil  is  very  fertile,  and  the  building  of  storage 
reservoirs  or  the  development  of  water  by  means  of  windmills, 
gasoline  engines,  or  other  power,  will  ultimately  place  large 
tracts  under  cultivation.  Fort  Sumner  is  an  old  army  post,  and 
near  it  is  to  be  laid  out  a  new  town,  to  be  known  as  Sunny- 
side,  and  which  is  to  be  the  principal  settlement  under  the  Lake 
Urton  reservoir  project,  under  contemplation  by  the  reclama- 
tion service.  It  has  a  weekly  newspaper  and  several  stores. 
Puerto  de  Luna,  eight  miles  south  of  Santa  Rosa,  was  the  for- 
mer county  seat  and  is  the  center  of  a  good  agricultural  dis- 
trict. Pastura  is  the  postoffice  and  shipping  point  for  the  sheep 
ranches  of  the  Salado  Live  Stock  Company.  Anton  Chico  and 
Colonias  are  agricultural  settlements. 

Santa   Rosa. 

"The  county  seat  is  Santa  Rosa,  which  consists  of  an  old  and 
a  new  town,  the  latter  having  been  laid  out  since  the  advent 
of  the  Rock  Island.  Five  hundred  acres  are  embraced  in  the 
town  site,  which  is  picturesquely  situated  on  the  Pecos  river, 
and  platted  around  a  plaza,  one  side  of  the  plaza  being  reserved 
for  a  modern  hotel.  It  is  a  prosperous  and  growing  trade  and 
stock  center,  with  a  population  of  1,200.  It  has  two  weekly 
newspapers,  a  bank,  several  churches  and  a  good  public  school. 
The  new  town  is  situated  at  an  elevation  of  4,600  feet.  The  sur- 
rounding country,  with  the  exception  of  the  valleys  along  the 
river,  is  prairie  and  devoted  to  cattle  and  sheep  raising.  Along 
the  valley  splendid  fruit,  grain  and  vegetables  can  be  grown 
with  the  aid  of  irrigation.  A  remarkable  example  of  the 
well-and-windmill  method  of  irrigation  now  exists  in  the  county 
at  the  Sumner  ranch,  eight  miles  north  of  Santa  Rosa.  The 
town  is  sheltered  by  hills  on  two  sides.  It  is  subject  to  but 
few  of  the  windstorms  so  likely  to  spring  up  at  any  time  in  the 
less  protected  uplands  which  make  up  the  greater  part  of  the 
county.  The  country  surrounding  is  not  without  its  scenic  at- 
tractions and  the  climate  is  good.  Santa  Rosa  sandstone  quar- 
ries are  already  well  known.  In  addition  to  its  local  use  the 
superb  sandstone,  including  solid  red,  white  and  gray  colors 
and  variegated  hues,  should  develop  a  shipping  industry  of  wide 
radius  and  profitable  returns." 

Lincoln  County. 

Comprising  an  area  larger  than  the  state  of  Connecticut, 
Lincoln  county  has  some  1,750,000  acres  subject  to  entry  under 
the  United  States  land  laws,  88,700  acres  being  still  unsurveyed. 
Its  lies  within  the  drainage  area  of  the  Pecos  river,  although 
only  the  headwaters  of  several  of  its  tributaries  are  within  its 
lines.  The  Rio  Hondo,  one  of  its  tributaries,  is  the  largest 
stream  and  has  its  tributary  streams  of  clear,  cool  water  known 
as  the  Bonito,  Eagle  and  Little  Eagle,  and  Ruidoso  creeks. 
Storage  reservoirs,  to  supplement  the  present  primitive  irriga- 
tion systems,  would  increase  the  cultivated  area,  according  to 
the  Governor's  report,  to  100,000  acres. 

Climate  and  soil  are  very  suitable  for  the  raising  of  fruit  and 
grain.  The  orchards  on  the  Bonito,  the  Ruidoso,  and  other 
streams  produce  as  fine  fruit  as  can  be  raised  in  the  United 
States.  Good  crops  of  oats,  wheat  and  barley  are  raised  with- 

30 


Promising  New  Towns  Springing  Up.  ••. 


out  irrigation  on  some  of  the  mesas.  Even  alfalfa  is  thus 
grown.  The  following  crop  figures  are  taken  from  the  official 
report:  Wheat  yields  30  bushels  to  the  acre;  cabbage,  30,000 
pounds,  and  grapes,  four  and  a  half  tons  to  the  acre.  There 
are  in  the  county  200,000  sheep,  85,000  cattle,  1,000  goats  and 
3,000  horses.  Naturally,  it  is  a  fine  stock  country,  springs  of 
sweet  water  being  frequent  and  the  range  good  throughout 
the  winter. 

The  Carrizozo  Valley,  some  sixty  miles  in  length  and  twenty 
wide,  lies  at  the  western  base  of  the  Capitan  range,  surrounded 
by  extinct  volcanoes  and  lava  beds,  which,  being  interpreted, 
means  that  it  has  the  richest  soil  on  earth.  We  wonder  often 
that  the  Neapolitan  peasants  cling  so  tenaciously  to  their  scant 
acres  on  the  scarred  side  of  Vesuvius,  but  it  is  because  they 
well  know  that  the  finest  fruit  and  vegetables  in  Italy  are  raised 
in  that  powdery  volcanic  soil,  laboriously  watered  by  hand.  Mr. 
N.  S.  RoSe,  U.  S.  Commissioner  at  Carrizozo,  thus  writes  of 
the  country: 

Paradise  of  Pear  Growers. 

"The  valley  lies  almost  on  the  33rd  degree  of  north  latitude, 
and  at  an  average  altitude  of  about  5,500  feet,  thus  giving  it  a 
matchless  climate,  free  from  extremes  of  either  heat  or  cold, 
and  noted  the  world  over  for  its  healthfulness.  The  soil  ranges 
in  depth  from  four  to  ten  feet.  It  is  a  silt  washed  from  the 
mountains  and  is  highly  impregnated  with  mineral.  It  is  for 
the  most  part  a  light  reddish  sandy  loam,  and  is  superior  to 
the  alluvial  soil  of  the  prairie  states,  producing  almost  any 
crop  grown  in  the  north  temperate  zone. 

"Growing  crops  are  seldom  troubled  by  insects  or  fungus  dis- 
eases, the  almost  continuous  sunshine  of  the  region  preventing 
the  growth  of  fungi.  Orchardists  do  not  have  to  spray  their 
trees,  and  a  wormy  apple  is  an  unheard-of  thing,  there  being 
no  codling  moths.  Parker  Earle,  the  well-known  horticulturist, 
alluded  to  this  valley  as  a  paradise  for  pear  growers,  stating 
that  he  had  been  driven  from  various  other  places  by  the  blight 
until  he  had  at  last  discovered  that  in  New  Mexico,  his  favorite 
fruit  reached  its  highest  perfection  in  size,  color  and  flavor, 
and  that  the  age  to  which  the  tree  would  live  could  not  be 
computed,  as  there  is  no  blight. 

"The  soil  also  produces  the  best  of  cereal  and  vegetable  crops, 
and  the  new  settler  can  depend  on  wheat,  oats,  corn,  sorghum, 
melons  and  all  vegetable  crops  for  support  until  his  land  can 
be  made  more  profitable  by  planting  it  to  orchard. 

To  the  farmer  who  has  been  used  to  taking  his  hogs  to  mar- 
ket for  a  money  crop  this  region  offers  particularly  attractive 
features,  as  the  hog-cholera  is  unknown  here,  and  there  is  al- 


School  House,  Alamogordo,  N.  M. 
31 


Alamogordo  an  Attractive  City. 


ways  a  good  home  market,  with  prices  higher  than  in  Kansas 
City  or  Chicago.  Experiments  have  been  made  which  demon- 
strate that  milo  maize  and  Kaffir  corn  fed  to  hogs  bring  even 
greater  returns  than  Indian  corn.  As  these  crops  are  easily 
grown  here,  there  should  be  no  trouble  in  making  the  hog  busi- 
ness profitable. 

"While  there  are  a  number  of  promising  new  towns  starting 
in  the  valley,  the  principal  town  and  trading  center  of  the  re- 
gion is  Carrizozo,  a  division  point  on  the  El  Paso  and  South- 
western Railway,  an  extension  of  the  Rock  Island,  which  tra- 
verses the  valley  lengthwise,  thus  giving  it  the  best  of  trans- 
portation facilities.  Besides  being  the  central  point  in  the  val- 
ley, Carrizozo  is  the  supply  station  for  a  vast  stock  range  and 
mining  country  surrounding  the  valley.  To  the  north  are  the 
copper  mines  and  lumber  mills  of  the  Gallinas  mountains,  while 
at  the  east  are  the  camps  of  White  Oak,  Jicarilla,  Nogal,  Capi- 
tan  and  Parsons,  all  producers  of  minerals,  and  two  of  them 
having  good  coal  mines  as  well.  Again,  at  the  southwest,  and 
some  30  miles  distant,  are  the  rich  copper  mines  of  the  Oscuros." 

Lincoln  county  is  rich  in  coal  as  well  as  in  the  precious  and 
bas.e  metals.  The  coal  production  of  the  Capitan  mines  has  been 
as  high  as  100,000  tons  a  year,  and  there  are  also  producing 
mines  at  White  Oaks,  near  the  Rock  Island-Frisco  line.  The 
extensive  undeveloped  coal  fields  and  iron  ore  deposits  presage 
future  industrial  prominence.  Fine  timber  covers  the  moun- 
tain sides,  and  the  Lincoln  Forest  Reserve,  covering  half  a  mil- 
lion acres,  is  a  Government  pledge  of  the  perpetuation  of  the 
forests.  There  are  several  saw  mills,  one  flouring  mill,  and  a 
number  of  reduction  and  cement  works.  At  Fort  Stantpn,  the 
United  States  Marine  Hospital  service  maintains  a  sanitarium 
for  consumptives,  thus  giving  official  testimony  to  the  superior- 
ity of  the  climate  of  this  part  of  N.ew  Mexico.  The  Fort  Stan- 
ton  reservation  has  an  area  of  28,000  acres.  Gold,  silver,  copper 
and  lead  are  found  in  producing  quantities  in  the  southwestern 
part  of  the  county. 

Otero   County. 

Otero  county  lies  in  the  southern  part  of  New  Mexico,  be- 
tween the  valleys  of  the  Pecos  and  the  Rio  Grande.  The  streams 
flowing  from  the  Sierra  Blanca  in  the  north  and  the  Sacra- 
mento mountains  in  the  middle  of  the  Territory,  offer  oppor- 
tunities for  irrigation,  some  of  which  have  already  been  utilized 
with  great  success.  A  dam  across  the  Rinconada  canyon,  near 
Tularosa,  which  will  impound  sufficient  water  to  irrigate  20,000 
acres,  is  projected.  A  considerable  acreage  is  under  cultivation, 
it  being  practicable  to  raise  crops  in  parts  of  the  Sacramento 
and  White  mountains  without  irrigation,  water  being  reached 
at  20  to  200  feet. 

The  leading  industries  are  stock  raising — cattle,  sheep  and 
goats  doing  equally  well ;  mining,  especially  in  the  Jarillas,  where 
gold,  silver,  copper,  iron,  lead  and  turquoise  deposits  exist ;  lum- 
bering, there  being  thousands  of  acres  of  virgin  timber  lands 
in  the  Sacramento  mountains,  and  manufacturing,  there  being 
lumber  mills,  tie-preserving  plants,  and  railroad  shops  at  Alamo- 
gordo. The  Mescalero  Apache  Indian  Reservation  and  part  of 
the  Lincoln  Forest  Reserve  are  in  the  county. 

Alamogordo. 

The  county  seat  and  largest  town  is  Alamogordo,  4,500  feet 
above  the  sea  level,  and  probably  the  prettiest  town  in  the  Ter- 
ritory; it  has  experienced  the  most  remarkable  growth  of  any 
town  in  New  Mexico.  The  town  was  established  only  in  re- 
cent years,  and  it  has  to-day  over  4,000  inhabitants,  broad 
streets,  brick  business  blocks  well  stocked  with  merchandise, 

32 


Grand  Mountain  Scenery. 


Park   Adjoining   Station,  Alamogordo,   N.   M. 

five  churches,  the  Southwestern  Baptist  college,  the  Territorial 
asylum  for  the  blind,  two  large  sawmills  costing  over  $200,000, 
an  electric  light  plant  and  ice  factory,  steam  laundry,  planing 
mill,  an  artificial  stone  plant  which  utilizes  the  gypsum  from 
the  white  sands,  a  water  works  system  (which  cost  $100,000),  a 
railway  hospital,  a  woman's  club,  a  park  a  mile  long,  three 
weekly  newspapers,  a  fine  railroad  depot,  a  modern  and  com- 
modious hotel,  a  fine  public  school  building,  and  a  public  li- 
brary. It  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Sixth  judicial  district.  The 
streets  are  lined  with  shade  trees  and  here  and  there  about  the 
city  are  beautiful  parks.  The  city  water  supply  is  brought  12 
miles  from  springs  in  Alamo  Canyon,  the  last  8  miles  of  the  dis- 
tance being  pip.ed.  The  water  for  the  irrigation  system  is 
brought  down  from  La  Luz  Canyon,  7  miles  away.  A  $25,000 
court  house  has  been  constructed,  a  $75,000  tie-preserving  plant, 
two  big  lumber  mills  and  railroad  shops. 

The  town  is  the  geographical  and  commercial  center  of  a  fine 
fruit-growing  section,  has  thousands  of  tributary  fertile  acres 
open  to  Government  entry,  is  on  the  main  line  of  the  shortest 
route  between  Kansas  City,  Denver,  and  El  Paso  to  California 
and  Mexico,  and  is  within  several  hours'  jaunt  of  the  famous 
Cloud  Croft,  a  summer  and  scenic  southwestern  resort,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  the  Sacramento  Mountain  Railway,  one 
of  the  engineering  wonders  of  the  United  States. 

Cloud  Croft. 

The  ride  to  Cloud  Croft  from  Alamogordo  is  one  of  the 
most  interesting  scenic  trips  imaginable.  Alamogordo  is  at  the 
base  of  the  mountains  and  in  a  distance  of  26  miles  the  rail- 
road makes  the  ascent  of  5,000  feet,  through  gorges  and  over 
chasms  to  the  summit,  presenting  a  series  of  mountain  views 
that  combines  the  'beauties  of  the  Yosemite  with  the  majesty 
of  the  Alps  and  the  rugged  grandeur  of  the  Rockies. 

At  Cloud  Croft  the  summer  temperature  ranges  from  60  to 
72  degrees,  with  no  extreme  changes.  There  are  no  chilling 
breezes,  or  oppressive  rays  of  heat.  Usually  the  morning  is 
fresh  and  invigorating,  the  mid-day  bright  and  genial,  and  the 

33 


34 


Figures  Showing  Remarkable  Production. 


evening  sufficiently  cool  to  render  a  fire  decidedly  comfortable. 
Throughout  the  month  of  June  there  is  very  little  precipitation, 
but  the  melting  snow  of  winter  has  already  left  the  grass  and 
foliage  green  and  thick.  There  is  no  dust  at  any  time  of  the 
year. 

No  grander  forests  can  be  found  in  any  country.  The  trees 
include  the  sugar  pine,  with  its  picturesque  spread  of  boughs; 
the  red  fir,  with  its  deeply  corrugated  bark;  the  yellow  pine, 
white  pine,  some  a  hundred,  some  two  hundred  feet  high,  with 
scarcely  a  limb  for  the  first  fifty  feet,  and  often  six  feet  through 
at  the  base.  There  are  groves  of  aspen  and  all  varieties  of  ferns. 
The  whole  mountain  top  is  carpeted  with  blue  grass,  and  the 
altitude  precludes  the  possibility  of  snakes  or  poisonous  insects. 
Wild  flowers  grow  in  magnificent  profusion  everywhere,  but  at- 
tain their  greatest  luxuriance  on  the  hill  sides  and  in  the  half- 
exposed  valleys,  where  they  imbibe  the  showers  and  the  sun- 
shine. Swarms  of  humming-birds  hover  over  these  floral  feasts, 
their  brilliant  irridescent  plumage  flashing  in  the  light,  and  the 
movement  of  their  wings  filling  the  air  with  a  bee-like  drone. 

There  are  primroses,  buttercups,  verbenas,  red  bell-shaped 
lilies,  daisies  with  stems  as  long  as  the  arm,  and  dozens  of  other 
queens  of  plant  life,  not  in  patches,  but  vast  fields  of  them — 
masses  of  yellow,  red,  pink,  white,  and  purple,  blending  in  an 
indescribable  glory  of  color.  It  is  estimated  that  the  Sacra- 
mento region  contains  as  many  as  fifty  varieties  of  wild  flow- 
ers, some  growing  upon  lofty  peaks  as  far  as  the  eye  can  glance, 
while  others  hide  their  gentle  faces  in  deep  gorges  where  the 
sunlight  never  falls. 

A  Few  Figures. 

A  few  figures,  just  to  show  how  New  Mexico  is  growing, 
will  do  no  harm.  In  the  first  place,  it  may  be  interesting  to 
know  that  the  six  counties  of  the  Territory  which  we  have  been 
considering  contain  about  30,000  square  miles,  or  the  equivalent 
of  three  times  the  area  of  the  state  of  Massachusetts,  with  Con- 
necticut added  to  the  sum.  Now  the  Territory  as  a  whole : 
Population  in  1890,  153,593;  in  1905,  300,000.  Number  of  farms: 
1890,  4,458;  1905,  15,000.  Acres  in  farms:  1890,  787,882;  1905, 
0.200,000.  Value  of  farms:  1890,  $8,141,000;  1905,  $30,000,- 
000.  Value  of  farm  implements:  1890,  $291,000;  1905,  $1,500,- 
000.  Value  of  farm  products:  1890,  $2,000,000;  1905,  $18,000,- 
000.  Acres  in  alfalfa:  1890,  12,140;  1905,  63,000.  Acres  under 
cultivation:  1890,  91,745;  1905,  340,000.  Butter  produced:  1890, 
105,000  pounds ;  1905,  500,000  pounds.  Eggs :  1890,  280,000  dozen ; 
1900,  840,000  dozen.  Hay:  1900,  $1,427,000;  1905,  $2,000,- 
000.  Cereals:  1900,  $980,000;  1905,  $1,500,000.  Vegetables: 
1900,  $278,400;  1905,  $350,000.  Fruit:  1900,  $197,300;  1905. 
$500,000.  These  figures  show  progress. 

The  Climate. 

It  can  be  said  of  the  climate  of  the  plains  east  of  the  moun- 
tains that  it  is  as  near  perfect,  for  health  conditions  and  agri- 
culture, as  can  be  imagined.  The  mean  temperature  is  50°  in 
the  northern  part,  and  60°  near  the  Rio  Grande.  The  clear 
days  will  run  from  225  to  250  in  the  year,  not  counting  the 
partly  cloudy,  and  the  precipitation  from  10  inches  along  the 
river  to  20  inches  and  over  in  Union  county. 

Nearly  Approaches  Paradise. 

This  booklet  aims  to  give  a  fair  and  even  conservative  de- 
scription, and  picture  such  conditions  of  agriculture  as  are  with- 
in the  reach  of  intelligent  and  industrious  farmers.  That  it  has 
at  least  approximated  such  result  may  be  judged  by  the  en- 
dorsement given  in  "A  Ranchwoman  in  New  Mexico,"  by  Edith 


Sunstrokes  Unheard  Of. 


Bird's-eye  View  of  Tucumcari,  N.  M. 

M.  Nicholl,  an  English  lady  (McMillan  &  Co.,  1898),  where  the 
following  interesting  comments  upon  the  climate  are  made: 

'The  winter  climate  of  this  section  is  as  superior  to  that 
of  Virginia,  or  Southern  California,  as  that  of  these  two  states 
is  to  the  winter  climate  of  Vermont.  Here  one  brilliant  day 
succeeds  another  with  little  variation.  Weather  (bad)  comes 
in  the  shape  of  a  stray  wind  or  so  or  a  very  occasional  rain  or 
light  snowfall.  Our  winter  warmth  is  due  entirely  to  the  force 
oi  the  sun's  rays  shining  through  an  atmosphere  un- 
impeded by  fog  or  damp.  *  *  *  *  In  southern  New 
Mexico  we  make  no  pretenses.  We  light  good  fires  and  keep 
ourselves  warm  nights  and  mornings,  or,  in  fact,  whenever 
we  are  likely  to  feel  cold.  *  *  *  In  New  Mexico,  to  sit  in 
the  winter  sunshine  is  to  bask  healthfully.  This  does  not  imply 
that  there  is  no  difference  betwixt  shade  and  sunshine  with  us; 
on  the  contrary,  the  difference  is  strongly  accentuated.  But  in 
this  dry,  aseptic,  bracing  atmosphere,  and  at  such  an  altitude, 
there  is  no  relaxation  of  the  system,  and,  in  consequence,  com- 
paratively little  susceptibility  to  atmospheric  variations.  The 
astonishing  leaps  the  thermometer  is  capable  of  making  betwixt 
a  winter  sunrise  and  its  noon  is  looked  upon  by  progressive 
physicians  as  being  not  only  beneficial  to  consumptives,  but  al- 
most essential  to  their  improvement,  implying  as  it  does  strong 
tonic  and  bracing  influence  combined  with  the  important  factor 
of  excessive  dryness.  *  *  * 

"Let  me  repeat  with  emphasis,  that  if  any  person  imagines 
that  in  coming  to  New  Mexico  he  is  coming  to  the  tropics,  he 
is  singularly  deluded.  But  though  there  exists  no  paradise  on 
earth,  the  climate  of  this  section  approaches  as  nearly  to  para- 
dise as  any  earthly  clime  may.  *  *  * 

"Sunstrokes  and  prostrations  from  heat  are  unheard  of  with 
us.  Therefore  when  we  read  of  this  form  of  suffering  occur- 
ring in  England  when  the  thermometer  is  only  in  the  vicinity 
of  eighty, — in  our  clime  a  delicious  and  health-giving  tempera- 
ture,— we  realize  more  than  ever  the  aseptic  and  invigorating 
qualities  of  the  atmosphere  we  daily  breathe,  and  no  matter 
to  what  heat  the  thermometer  may  rise  later,  the  morning  hours 
are  invariably  fresh  and  sparkling. 

El  Paso,  a  Storehouse  of  Wealth. 

El  Paso,  and  the  El  Paso  country,  though  in  Texas,  may 
properly  be  included  in  a  consideration  of  New  Mexico. 

El  Paso,  "the  Pass,"  the  gateway.  Whence?  To  Mexico,  a 
land  that  will  soon,  nay,  it  does  even  now,  surprise  the  people 
of  the  north  with  its  wealth  of  resources,  the  richness  of  its 
soil,  and  the  salubrity  of  its  great  central  plateau.  Do  not  con- 
sider the  Rio  Grande  as  the  boundary  of  the  .earth,  beyond 
which  there  is  nothing  but  chaos.  A  new  world  lies  beyond 

36 


Why  Don't  You  Go  to  New  Mexico? 


that  muddy  stream;  a  world  of  vaster  wealth  for  the  peaceful 
conquest  of  our  commerce  and  our  agriculture  than  Columbus 
offered  to  Spain.  El  Paso  is  the  pass,  too,  to  the  Pacific,  by  our 
most  southerly  and  lowest  grade  road  to  southern  California. 
Situated  thus,  on  the  highway  between  two  great  nations,  and 
midway  between  the  Gulf  and  the  western  ocean,  under  skies 
the  fairest  that  smile  on  an  American  city,  the  prospects  of  El 
Paso  are  bright,  indeed. 

The  city  has  a  population  estimated  (1907)  at  42,000.  It  is, 
first,  a  mining  metropolis,  the  trade  center  and  headquarters  of 
the  richest  copper  district  in  the  world,  the  most  extensive  coal 
measures  west  of  the  Ohio  river,  the  greatest  silver  mines  of 
the  world,  some  of  the  richest  gold  mines,  immense  iron  de- 
posits, abundant  lead  and  zinc,  rich  quicksilver  deposits,  im- 
mense beds  of  sulphur  and  salt,  gypsum,  cement,  rock,  onyx 
of  rare  beauty  and  gem  turquoise.  Near  El  Paso,  also,  is  a  de- 
posit of  rich  tin  ore  of  unknown  extent,  and  petroleum  is  abun- 
dant in  west  Texas  and  New  Mexico,  though  not  yet  developed 
commercially. 

El  Paso  is  electrical  with  the  energy  of  production.  A  ton 
of  ore  goes  through  its  great  smelters  every  minute  of  the 
year.  Eight  railroads  groan  with  the  burden  of  ores  and  bul- 
lion, fuel,  machinery,  timber,  supplies,  and  provisions  for  the 
mining  camps.  Mining  investors  and  prospectors  make  El  Paso 
their  headquarters,  and  in  their  train  come  the  merchants  and 
the  men  of  business.  They  must  all  be  fed,  and  here  comes 
in  the  work  of  the  farmer,  the  truck  grower,  the  dairyman,  the 


Cloudcroft  Mountains — New  Mexico. 
37 


Why  Don't  You  Go  to  New  Mexico? 


fruit  grower.  The  country  is  discouraging,  at  first,  to  the  east- 
ern farmer.  He  does  not  understand  how  plants  can  be  made 
to  grow  in  that  ardent  sunshine.  But  let  him  visit  the  dairies, 
the  alfalfa  farms,  the  orchards,  and  the  market  gardens,  and 
he  will  see  that  it  is  done,  and  what  is  much  to  the  purpose, 
that  the  farmers  make  money  as  well  as  the  smelters. 

Why  Go  To  New  Mexico? 

Why  go  to  New  Mexico?  Because  it  is  the  country  that 
offers,  without  doubt,  the  largest  return  in  the  fruits  of  the  soil, 
in  remuneration  for  crops,  and  in  health,  long  life  and  happi- 
ness, for  your  expenditure  in  money  and  effort.  Too  far  away? 
That  is  what  the  boy  up  in  Maine  said  to  the  man  from  New 
York.  Settle  in  New  Mexico, — that  Rock  Island-Frisco  country 
west  of  Texas, — and  your  children  will  grow  up  nearer  the 
center  of  this  country's  life  and  energies  than  will  be  the 
people  of  New  York.  There  will  be  "things  doing"  in  the 
Southwest,  on  the  Gulf  and  on  the  Pacific,  and  across  the  Rio 
Grande,  in  the  next  fifty  years,  and  the  man  who  raises  alfalfa, 
poultry,  mutton  and  melons,  on  the  mesas  and  in  the  arroyos  of 
New  Mexico  will  have  a  share  in  the  prosperity  that  is  now 
dawning  on  the  Land  of  Sunshine. 

Very  low  Homeseekers'  Excursions  ar^  run  by  the  Rock 
Island-Frisco  Lines  each  first  and  third  Tuesday  of  each  month. 
The  tickets  are  round-trip,  first-class,  with  generous  return  limit, 
and  liberal  stop-over  privileges  are  granted.  These  low  rates  of 
fare  are  made  to  enable  you  to  see  the  country  for  yourself  and 
to  decide  by  actual  inspection  whether  the  country  is  all  that  is 
claimed  and  meets  your  ideas  of  a  home. 

You  owe  it  to  yourself  to  make  a  trip  of  investigation — if  you 
<lo,  you  will  not  find  New  Mexico  lacking. 


OTHER    ROCK    ISLAND    PUBLICATIONS. 


The  Western  Trail — A  monthly  paper  devoted  to  the  develop- 
ment of  the  great  Southwest.  It  contains  true  and  interesting 
letters  from  people  who  have  settled  there,  as  well  as  up-to-the- 
minute  description  of  conditions  in  the  various  states  and  terri- 
tories. It  is  printed  on  best  quality  of  paper  and  finely  illustrated. 
Sent  free  to  intending  homeseekers. 

Kansas — A  forty-eight  page  book,  illustrated  throughout. 
Tells  you  truthfully  the  great  resources  of  the  State,  dwelling 
especially  on  that  part  adjacent  to  the  lines  of  the  Rock  Island 
in  Western  Kansas — the  land  of  bountiful  crops  and  homemaking 
possibilities.  Sent  to  any  address  on  receipt  of  a  2-cent  stamp 
to  cover  postage. 

Oklahoma — A  forty-eight  page  book  devoted  entirely  to  the 
resources  of  the  new  State  of  Oklahoma.  It  contains  complete 
and  reliable  information  as  to  the  advantages  of  that  section. 
Newly  written  and  illustrated.  Sent  on  receipt  of  2  cents  in 
stamps  to  cover  postage. 

Texas — The  natural  resources,  products  and  present  and  pros- 
pective development  of  the  greatest  of  American  commonwealths 
are  set  forth  in  this  book  in  a  popular  way.  Each  subject  and 
section  is  treated  under  graphic  sub-heads,  making  easy  reference 
to  the  facts  about  any  portion  or  feature  of  Texas.  Its  orderly 
arrangement  will  appeal  to  every  seeker  after  information.  Forty- 
eight  pages,  fully  illustrated.  Sent  on  receipt  of  2  cents  in  stamps 
to  cover  postage. 

Missouri — A  fifty-six  page  illustrated  book  of  facts  regarding 
the  exceptional  opportunities  for  the  farmer,  fruit-grower,  poultry 
and  stock-raiser  in  the  northern  portion  of  this  rich  state,  adja- 
cent to  Rock  Island  Lines.  A  2-cent  stamp  will  bring  it. 

Free  Homesteads — A  leaflet  fully  explaining  how  to  secure 
a  homestead,  where  the  lands  are  located,  how  to  reach  the  lands, 
and  the  entire  cost.  Free. 

Factors  of  Prosperity — A  most  instructive  and  illuminating 
document  just  issued,  devoted  to  exhibiting  in  graphic  form  by 
colored  diagram  maps  and  very  readable  text  the  underlying 
sources  of  the  prosperity  of  a  very  large  section  of  the  Middle 
West.  While  the  folder  is  of  peculiar  value  to  the  student  of 
economics,  it  is  also  of  interest  to  everyone  who  desires  to  be 
informed  on  the  sources  of  the  country's  prosperity.  It  should 
be  in  every  library.  Sent  on  request. 

Opportunities — A  book  with  map  containing  concise,  descrip- 
tive writeups  of  each  town  and  city  along  the  entire  Rock  Island- 
Frisco  and  Chicago  and  Eastern  Illinois  Lines  with  list  of  open- 
ings for  manufacturing  industries,  business  houses  and  professions. 
Sent  on  request. 

39 


Ticket*,  sleeping  car  reservatipns  and  information  about  fares,  train  service,  etc., 
will.be(gladly  furnished  on  application,  personally  or  by  letter,  to  any  of  the  following 

REPRESENTATIVES    PASSENGER    DEPARTMENT 
Amarillo,  Tex  .........  C.  R.  I.  &  G.  Ry  ..........  A.  B.  SPENCER  ........  Div,  Pass'r  Agent 

Atcbison,  Kan  .........  326.  Commercial  St  .........  E.  C.  POST  ...........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

*«-«•.  *  ...........  «  N°rt"  **«  »  ••••••••  i  &%.%£!:.  :::::%£.  ftf?  Sgg 

Birmingham,  Ala  ......  105  2oth  St.  North  .........  F.  M.GRIFFITH.  .....  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent 

Boston,  Mass  .........  288  Washington  St  .........  C.  B.  SLOAT,  New  England  Pass'r  Agent 

A.  W.  GIBBONS  .....  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent       E.  H.  DEXTER  .......  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent 

Buffalo,  N.  Y  ..........  297  Main  St  ...............  H.  M.  BROWN  .........  Dist.  Pass'r  Agent 

A.  C.  TURPIN,  Traveling  Passenger  Agent  in  charge  of  Canadian  Territory. 
Burlington,  Iowa  .................................  A.  L.  HOPPE  ..........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

Butte,  Mont  ...........  Pennsylvania  Block  ........  T.  A.  JOHN  ...............  General  Agent 

Cedar  Rapids  Iowa  ...............................  JOHN  G.  FARMER  ......  Div.  Pass'r  Agent 

W.  L.  WALLACE  .  .  .  .Trav.  Pass'r  Agent        E.  O.  SOULE  .........  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent 

Chattanooga,  Tenn  ----  26  West  gth  St  .............  R.  S.  RUSSELL  .......  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent 

rtiS».ir«,    in  HA         c*  j  A.  B.  SCHMIDT,  Gen'l  Agent  Pass'r  Dept. 

Chicago,  111.   .....  ...  .91  Adams  St.  .  ...........  \  GEQ  D  TQTTEN  ......  g^  Ticket  Ag£t 

-,/>«  T     cue*  *•«.  j  R«  S.  ToRRiNGTON....Trav.  Pass'r  Agent 

728  La  Salle  Station  .....    ,  „   ,ILL]CH  .........  Trav  Pass,r  A|en( 

Ctoctn,,.U,  Obi.  .......  38  Eas,  4,h  St.  .  .  .  .....  ,..\  -""" 


Colo.  Springs,  Colo  ____  2  Pike's  Peak  Ave  ..........  W.  W.  WOOD  ..........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

Council  Bluffs,  Iowa...  16  Pearl  St  ...............  A.  T.  ELWELL  .........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

Dallas,  Tex.,  C.  R.  I.  &G.  Ry.,cor.  Main  and  Akard  Sts.,  S.  J.  TUCKER.  .  .City  Pass'r  Agent 

D.™p.rt,  I.W.  .  ....  .3*0  Brady  S,  ............  j  §;  £  g^V  ".'."iS?.  PaS  SjS 

307  Brady  St  .............  A.  H.  LOVETT  .........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

Denver,  Colo  ..........  800  i?th  St  .................  G.  W.  MARTIN  ...........  General  Agent 

P,  R.  MACKINNON  .  .  .Trav.  Pass'r  Agent        M.  L.  MOWRY  .........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

l)es  Moines,  Iowa  ......  423  Walnut  St  ............  GEORGE  R.  KLINE  .....  City  Pass'r  Agent 

Detroit,  Mich.,  5  Campus  Martius,  W.,  Majestic  Bldg.,  F.  B.  GILMER  .....  Dist.  Pass'r  Agent 

(  GARNETT  KING  ............  General  Agent 

El  Paso,  Tex  ..........  C.  R.  I.  &  G.  Ry.  ...  .....  \  RICHARD  WARREN  ----  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent 

(  H.  D.  MCGREGOR  .....  City  Pass'r  Agent 

t,C.  R.  L&G.R 


Hot  Springs,  Ark  .................................  M.J.  GEARY.  .  .  ........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

Indianapolis,  Ind  ......  9  and  10  Claypool  Bldg  ----  J.  F.  POWERS  ........  Dist.  Pass'r  Agent 

*—  «*  «*  .......  4»  and  4I3  Bryant  Bid.,  \  *£%$£&**££  Sf?  JgS 

v  gth  and  Main  Sts  ..........  C.  W.  JONES  ...........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

Leavenworth,  Kan  .....  424  Delaware  St  ...........  J.  M.  ALLEN.  .............  General  Agent 

Lincoln,  Neb  ..........  1045  O  St  ..................  F.  H.  BARNES  ........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

tittle  Rock,  Ark  ......  211  Main  St....  ............  JAMES  HARRIS  ........  Dist.  Pass'r  Agent 

W.  M.  ANDERSON  ...Trav.  Pass'r  Agent        A.  E.  HANGER..  .......  City  Pass'r  Agent 

London,  England  ......  29-30  Cockspur  St.  S.  W.  .  .  ALEX.  JACKSON  .....  Gen'l  European  Agent 

'Los  Angeles,  Cal  .......  555  South  Spring  St  ........  J.  L.  STANTQN  ......  ..Dist.  Pass'r  Agent 

HENRY  N.  SEARS  ____  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent        WM.  ROSEMAN  .........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

Louisville,  Ky  .........  8  Todd  Bldg  ...............  C.  S.  HALT..  ..  .........  Commercial  Agent 

(  E.  SUTCLIFFE  .......  .  .  .City  Pass'r  Agent 

Memphis,  Tenn  ........  Peabody  Hotel  .........  \  F.  R.  NEWMAN  .  ,  ..  .....  City  Ticket  Agent 

(  W.  L.  EVANS  ........  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent 

Mexico  City,  Mex  .....  5  Mayo  St.  .......  .....  CHAS.  B.  CLEVELAND  .....  General  Agent 

Milwaukee,  Wis  .......  203  Chamber  Commerce  .  .  .W.  M.  BURNS  ........  Commercial  Agent 

Minneapolis.  Minn  .....  322  Nicollet  Ave  ...........  W.  L.  HATHAWAY  .....  Dist  Pass'r  Agent 

*  .  D.  LYON  .........  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent        A.  L.  STEECE:  .........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

Nashville,  Tenn  ........  416  Church  St  ............  PAUL  S.  WEEVER  -----  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent 

New  Orleans,  La,  ......  707-709  Gravier  St  .......  \  L&^SS™  V.Tra^pSr  5f£t 

New  York,  N.  Y  ........  401  Broadway  .............  K.  E.  PALMER,  Gen'l  East'n  Pass'r  Agent 

JAS.  M.  HAYES  ......  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent       DEFOREST  LINDSLEY  ......  Pass'r  Agent 

R.  S.  GRAHAM  .........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

Oakland,  Cal  ..........  1168-  Broadway  ..........  ,  E.  B.  KARON  ...........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

r,  OKI....  50,50,  Basset,  B.dg  ..... 


Omaha.  Neb  ...........  1323  Farnam  St  ............  J.  E.  UTT  ...  .........  ----  General  Agent 

A.  O.  Rows  ..........  City  Pass'r  Agent        F.  P.  RUTHERFORD.  .  .  .Div.  Pass'r  Agent 

W.  D.  FOSLER  .......  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent 

reoria.  HI  ............  101  South  Jefferson  St.  ____  H.  I..  BATTLE  .......  ,  .....  General  Agent 

C.  C.  ANDERSON  .....  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent       WARREN  COWLES  ......  Div.  Pass'r  Agent 

ADOLPH  LANGFELDT,.  .City  Pass'r  Agent 

in.li  A  i  u-      -D  nu    <     +  c*-  J  PERRY  GRIFFIN  .......  Dist.  Pass'r  Agent 

Philadelph  a,  Pa  ......  1019  Chestnut  St  .........  }  „   A  RoEM£R  .......  Tray  Pass,r  A|eQt 

nu*,i    .  ii  -D  c    -^f.  i/i  cf         '""    J  GEO.  S.  PENTECOST  ..Dist.  Pass'r  Agent 

Pittsburgh,  Pa  ........  522  Smithfield  St  ......  -j  L  H   McCoRMICK  .  .  !Trav.  Pass'r  A|ent 

D,,_iin   .1   A-..  TI,V^  cf  J  C.  A.  HUNTER.  ...........  General  Agent 

Portland,  Ore.  .....  .,  .140  Third  St  ............  -j  ALFRED  G>  RICHARDsoN,City  Pass'r  Agent 

Pueblo,  Colo  .......  ;  .  .  .226  North  Main  St  .........  GEO.  R.  CRUZEN  .......  City  Pass'r  Agent 

Rock  Island,  111  .......  1829  Second  Ave  ...........  F.  H.  PLUMMER  .......  City  Pass'r  Agent 

Sacramento,  Cal  .......  1009  Second  St  ......  ......  H.  H.  DERR  .........  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent 

St.  Joseph,  Mo  ........  Sixth  and  Edmond  Sts  .....  J.  J.  GOODRICH  .....  .  .  .City  Pass'r  Agent 

St.  Louis,  Mo  ..........  900  Olive  St  ...............  F..J.  DEICKE.  .  .Gen'l  Agent  Pass'r  Dept. 

501  Frisco  Bldg.  ...........  H.  P.  MANTZ  .........  Dist.  Pass'r  Agent 

900  Olive  St  ...............  C.  L.  SICKLES  .........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

St.  Paul,  Minn  ........  Sixth  and  Robert  Sts  .......  F.  W.  SAINT  ..........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

Salt  Lake  City  .........  100  W.  Second  South  St  ----  JAS.  DOOLITTLE  ..........  General  Agent 

H.  L.  VOUNGERMAN,  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent       J.  F.  HARVEY  ........  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent 

(  F.  W.  THOMPSON.  .  .Gen'l  Western  Agent 
San  Francisco,  Cal  ____  872  Market  St  ............  •<  C.  A.  RUTHERFORD  .  .  .Dist.  Pass'r  Agent 

(  P.  A.  ZEIGENFUSS.  .  .  .Trav.  Pass'r  Agent 

Seattle,  Wash  .........  322  Pacific  Block.  .  .........    .         _  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent 

,.  _.  „   Va  J  C.  E.  MORTON  .......  Trav.  Pass'r  Agent 

Topeka,  Kan  ...................................  j  A.  M.  FULLER  .........  City  Pass'r  Agent 

Wichita,  Kan  ...................................  PHIL  W.  JOHNSTON.  .  .  .City  Pass'r  Agent 

L.  M.  ALLEN,  General  Passenger  Agent  ......         Chicago,  III. 

W.  J.  LEAHY.  First  Asst.  General  Passenger  Agent         ....         Chicago,  III. 

HAL.  S.  RAY,  Assistant  General  Passenger  Agent  -      St.  Louis,  Mo. 

GEO.  H.  LEE,  General  Passenger  Agent,  Choctaw  District,  -          Little  Rock,  Ark. 

C.  B.  SCHMIDT,  Commissioner  of  Immigration         .....       Chicago.  III. 

JOHN   SEBASTIAN,   Passenger  Traffic  Manager,  -  Chicago,   III. 


Rock 
Island 


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